{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403759756","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3655635","title":"Machine Learning in Computer Security is Difficult to Fix","display_name":"Machine Learning in Computer Security is Difficult to Fix","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-10-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403759756","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3655635"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3655635","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3655635","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3655635","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103482838","display_name":"Communications of the ACM","issn_l":"0001-0782","issn":["0001-0782","1557-7317"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications of the ACM","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3655635","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008367647","display_name":"Battista Biggio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7752-509X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172446870","display_name":"University of Cagliari","ror":"https://ror.org/003109y17","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Battista Biggio","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008367647"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.349,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62595255,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"67","issue":"11","first_page":"103","last_page":"103"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.5394999980926514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.5394999980926514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7304044365882874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4957748353481293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3739689290523529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.35077357292175293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.3385145664215088}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7304044365882874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4957748353481293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3739689290523529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.35077357292175293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.3385145664215088}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3655635","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3655635","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3655635","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103482838","display_name":"Communications of the ACM","issn_l":"0001-0782","issn":["0001-0782","1557-7317"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications of the ACM","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unica.it:11584/426363","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3655635","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196293","display_name":"UNICA IRIS Institutional Research Information System (University of Cagliari)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172446870","host_organization_name":"University of Cagliari","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3655635","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3655635","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3655635","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103482838","display_name":"Communications of the ACM","issn_l":"0001-0782","issn":["0001-0782","1557-7317"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications of the ACM","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4403759756.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,28],"study":[1],"is":[2,49,58],"timely":[3],"and":[4,23,52],"exciting":[5],"as":[6],"it":[7,63],"clearly":[8],"points":[9],"out":[10],"some":[11],"common":[12],"issues":[13],"hindering":[14],"the":[15,34,41,47],"design":[16],"of":[17,40],"ML":[18,54],"models":[19],"for":[20],"computer":[21,56],"security":[22,57],"how":[24],"to":[25],"overcome":[26],"them.":[27],"witnesses":[29],"once":[30],"again":[31],"that,":[32],"despite":[33],"impressive":[35],"performance":[36],"reported":[37],"in":[38,44,55],"many":[39],"published":[42],"papers":[43],"this":[45],"area,":[46],"reality":[48],"quite":[50],"different,":[51],"applying":[53],"much":[59],"more":[60],"challenging":[61],"than":[62],"may":[64],"seem.":[65]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
