{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399174588","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3654954","title":"Making In-Memory Learned Indexes Efficient on Disk","display_name":"Making In-Memory Learned Indexes Efficient on Disk","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399174588","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3654954"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3654954","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3654954","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3654954","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387289859","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Management of Data","issn_l":"2836-6573","issn":["2836-6573"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Management of Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3654954","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080646509","display_name":"Jiaoyi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3075-6147"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jiaoyi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041537964","display_name":"Kai Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7622-7201"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048293406","display_name":"Huanchen Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4821-1558"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huanchen Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5080646509"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.9887,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94306973,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"3","first_page":"1","last_page":"26"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12761","display_name":"Data Stream Mining Techniques","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12761","display_name":"Data Stream Mining Techniques","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8143782615661621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.7667014002799988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformation","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","score":0.5449960231781006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation","display_name":"Implementation","score":0.5287368297576904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5216465592384338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.4765354096889496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/index","display_name":"Index (typography)","score":0.4163152575492859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.38358697295188904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3357214629650116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.32921481132507324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.24367794394493103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09764906764030457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.0920809805393219}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8143782615661621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.7667014002799988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204241405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.5449960231781006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.5287368297576904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5216465592384338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.4765354096889496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816","display_name":"Index (typography)","level":2,"score":0.4163152575492859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.38358697295188904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3357214629650116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.32921481132507324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.24367794394493103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09764906764030457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0920809805393219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3654954","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3654954","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3654954","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387289859","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Management of Data","issn_l":"2836-6573","issn":["2836-6573"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Management of Data","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3654954","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3654954","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3654954","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387289859","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Management of Data","issn_l":"2836-6573","issn":["2836-6573"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Management of Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4399174588.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1791987072","https://openalex.org/W1972027649","https://openalex.org/W1985229168","https://openalex.org/W2123686039","https://openalex.org/W2414324013","https://openalex.org/W2429518132","https://openalex.org/W2945486614","https://openalex.org/W2948233700","https://openalex.org/W2962771342","https://openalex.org/W2979531022","https://openalex.org/W2999149038","https://openalex.org/W3029532343","https://openalex.org/W3029564598","https://openalex.org/W3030149280","https://openalex.org/W3033065823","https://openalex.org/W3080797093","https://openalex.org/W3081786030","https://openalex.org/W3096737792","https://openalex.org/W3103567827","https://openalex.org/W3106489949","https://openalex.org/W3107842002","https://openalex.org/W3121516856","https://openalex.org/W3164254023","https://openalex.org/W3173828549","https://openalex.org/W4206548428","https://openalex.org/W4210798430","https://openalex.org/W4210819313","https://openalex.org/W4282561327","https://openalex.org/W4284974261","https://openalex.org/W4290998299","https://openalex.org/W4294904076","https://openalex.org/W4312637143","https://openalex.org/W4312642611","https://openalex.org/W4317767825","https://openalex.org/W4368618728","https://openalex.org/W4381621971","https://openalex.org/W4393180321"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2120447654","https://openalex.org/W2977179488","https://openalex.org/W2144453115","https://openalex.org/W2128223750","https://openalex.org/W4238532390","https://openalex.org/W2188872161","https://openalex.org/W2961779879","https://openalex.org/W797688974","https://openalex.org/W2002978035","https://openalex.org/W2209382646"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Learned":[0],"indexes":[1,41,86],"have":[2],"been":[3],"demonstrated":[4],"to":[5,19,24,36,51,67,73,103],"outperform":[6,20],"traditional":[7,105],"ones":[8],"in":[9,96],"memory-resident":[10],"scenarios.":[11],"However,":[12],"recent":[13],"studies":[14],"show":[15],"that":[16,32,84],"they":[17],"fail":[18],"B+tree":[21,106],"when":[22],"extended":[23],"disks":[25],"directly.":[26],"In":[27],"this":[28],"paper,":[29],"we":[30,61],"argue":[31],"it":[33],"is":[34],"feasible":[35],"create":[37],"efficient":[38],"disk-based":[39,111],"learned":[40,70,112],"by":[42,88],"applying":[43,89],"a":[44,93],"set":[45],"of":[46,78,110],"general":[47],"transformations":[48],"and":[49,58,99,107],"optimizations":[50],"existing":[52],"in-memory":[53],"ones.":[54],"Through":[55],"theoretical":[56],"analysis":[57],"controlled":[59],"experiments,":[60],"propose":[62],"six":[63],"transformation":[64],"guidelines":[65,91],"applicable":[66],"various":[68],"state-of-the-art":[69],"index":[71],"structures":[72],"fully":[74],"leverage":[75],"the":[76,85,104],"characteristics":[77],"disk":[79],"storage.":[80],"Our":[81],"evaluation":[82],"shows":[83],"developed":[87],"our":[90],"achieve":[92],"Pareto":[94],"improvement":[95],"both":[97],"throughput":[98],"space":[100],"efficiency":[101],"compared":[102],"previous":[108],"implementations":[109],"indexes.":[113]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}