{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4393224853","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3653979","title":"Discovering Expert-Level Air Combat Knowledge via Deep Excitatory-Inhibitory Factorized Reinforcement Learning","display_name":"Discovering Expert-Level Air Combat Knowledge via Deep Excitatory-Inhibitory Factorized Reinforcement Learning","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-03-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4393224853","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3653979"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3653979","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3653979","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3653979","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2492086750","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology","issn_l":"2157-6904","issn":["2157-6904","2157-6912"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3653979","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004540162","display_name":"Haiyin Piao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8519-4750"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hai Yin Piao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of electronics and information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8519-4750","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of electronics and information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078786950","display_name":"Shengqi Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7489-7082"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108904480","display_name":"Shenyang Institute of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/02pfsj857","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108904480"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shengqi Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["SADRI Institute, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7489-7082","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SADRI Institute, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108904480"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108294333","display_name":"Hechang Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7835-9556"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hechang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jilin University, Changchun, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7835-9556","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jilin University, Changchun, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017929920","display_name":"Junnan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1154-657X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108904480","display_name":"Shenyang Institute of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/02pfsj857","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108904480"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junnan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["SADRI Institute, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1154-657X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SADRI Institute, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108904480"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100587348","display_name":"Jin Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0004-9934"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108904480","display_name":"Shenyang Institute of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/02pfsj857","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108904480"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jin Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["SADRI Institute, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0004-9934","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SADRI Institute, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108904480"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058607951","display_name":"Xuanqi Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3553-7062"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108904480","display_name":"Shenyang Institute of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/02pfsj857","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108904480"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuanqi Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["SADRI Institute, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3553-7062","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SADRI Institute, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108904480"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068792201","display_name":"Xin Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8046-722X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8046-722X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084415556","display_name":"Zhen Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7728-916X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhen Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7728-916X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101241132","display_name":"Zhixiao Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0018-2337"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhixiao Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0018-2337","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029392006","display_name":"Yi Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2697-8093"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence, Jilin University, Changchun, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2697-8093","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Jilin University, Changchun, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3892,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83053373,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"4","first_page":"1","last_page":"28"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.982699990272522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.982699990272522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.9818999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9678999781608582,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8286097049713135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.7469583749771118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inhibitory-postsynaptic-potential","display_name":"Inhibitory postsynaptic potential","score":0.7049791812896729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5576319098472595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/excitatory-postsynaptic-potential","display_name":"Excitatory postsynaptic potential","score":0.4730091392993927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.421561598777771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.10995650291442871}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8286097049713135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.7469583749771118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17077164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1185869","display_name":"Inhibitory postsynaptic potential","level":2,"score":0.7049791812896729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5576319098472595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112592302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207387","display_name":"Excitatory postsynaptic potential","level":3,"score":0.4730091392993927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.421561598777771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.10995650291442871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3653979","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3653979","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3653979","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2492086750","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology","issn_l":"2157-6904","issn":["2157-6904","2157-6912"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3653979","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3653979","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3653979","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2492086750","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology","issn_l":"2157-6904","issn":["2157-6904","2157-6912"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.8100000023841858}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4393224853.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4393224853.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W766374740","https://openalex.org/W1613369435","https://openalex.org/W1966216502","https://openalex.org/W2008284899","https://openalex.org/W2044962914","https://openalex.org/W2075110355","https://openalex.org/W2084580771","https://openalex.org/W2133447875","https://openalex.org/W2134236497","https://openalex.org/W2139936417","https://openalex.org/W2187089797","https://openalex.org/W2343552634","https://openalex.org/W2475367951","https://openalex.org/W2515894276","https://openalex.org/W2518892488","https://openalex.org/W2736601468","https://openalex.org/W2779451246","https://openalex.org/W2810602713","https://openalex.org/W2883065428","https://openalex.org/W2887686649","https://openalex.org/W2913668833","https://openalex.org/W2914304175","https://openalex.org/W2914584698","https://openalex.org/W3089592508","https://openalex.org/W3099518626","https://openalex.org/W3112673853","https://openalex.org/W3120212383","https://openalex.org/W3127895054","https://openalex.org/W3131698718","https://openalex.org/W3139257453","https://openalex.org/W3157464261","https://openalex.org/W3159646581","https://openalex.org/W3167655077","https://openalex.org/W3190154035","https://openalex.org/W3209735639","https://openalex.org/W4286748781","https://openalex.org/W6741002519"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2950596497","https://openalex.org/W2436760910","https://openalex.org/W4303432678","https://openalex.org/W2043066229","https://openalex.org/W2082329602","https://openalex.org/W2023878078","https://openalex.org/W2142526561","https://openalex.org/W2974163011","https://openalex.org/W2106951973","https://openalex.org/W2137821247"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Artificial":[0],"Intelligence":[1],"(AI)":[2],"has":[3],"achieved":[4],"a":[5,33,82,103,188,195,198,212],"wide":[6],"range":[7],"of":[8,35,74,84,99,140,197,203,214],"successes":[9],"in":[10,201],"autonomous":[11,113],"air":[12,21,114,154,216],"combat":[13,22,115,155,217],"decision-making":[14,156],"recently.":[15],"Previous":[16],"research":[17],"demonstrated":[18],"that":[19,180,211],"AI-enabled":[20],"approaches":[23],"could":[24],"even":[25],"acquire":[26],"beyond":[27],"human-level":[28],"capabilities.":[29],"However,":[30],"there":[31],"remains":[32],"lack":[34,83],"evidence":[36],"regarding":[37],"two":[38,141],"major":[39],"difficulties.":[40],"First,":[41],"the":[42,72,153,181],"existing":[43],"methods":[44],"with":[45,94,171,187],"fixed":[46],"decision":[47,69],"intervals":[48,157],"are":[49,219],"mostly":[50],"devoted":[51],"to":[52,55,61,63,81,90,151,221],"solving":[53],"what":[54],"act":[56],"but":[57],"merely":[58],"pay":[59],"attention":[60],"when":[62],"act,":[64],"which":[65,87],"occasionally":[66],"misses":[67],"optimal":[68],"opportunities.":[70,162],"Second,":[71],"method":[73,183],"an":[75,91],"expert-crafted":[76],"finite":[77],"maneuver":[78],"library":[79],"leads":[80],"tactics":[85,116,173,218],"diversity,":[86],"is":[88],"vulnerable":[89],"opponent":[92],"equipped":[93],"new":[95],"tactics.":[96],"In":[97],"view":[98],"this,":[100],"we":[101],"propose":[102],"novel":[104],"Deep":[105],"Reinforcement":[106],"Learning":[107],"(DRL)":[108],"and":[109,146,158,166,192],"prior":[110],"knowledge":[111],"hybrid":[112],"discovering":[117],"algorithm,":[118],"namely":[119],"deep":[120],"E":[121],"xcitatory-i":[122],"N":[123],"hibitory":[124],"f":[125],"ACT":[126],"or":[127],"I":[128],"zed":[129],"maneu":[130],"VE":[131],"r":[132],"(":[133],"ENACTIVE":[134],")":[135],"learning.":[136],"The":[137],"algorithm":[138],"consists":[139],"key":[142,161],"modules,":[143],"i.e.,":[144],"ENHANCE":[145,149],"FACTIVE.":[147],"Specifically,":[148],"learns":[150],"adjust":[152],"appropriately":[159],"seize":[160],"FACTIVE":[163],"factorizes":[164],"maneuvers":[165],"then":[167],"jointly":[168],"optimizes":[169],"them":[170],"significant":[172],"diversity":[174],"increments.":[175],"Extensive":[176],"experimental":[177],"results":[178],"reveal":[179],"proposed":[182],"outperforms":[184],"state-of-the-art":[185],"algorithms":[186],"62%":[189],"winning":[190],"rate":[191],"further":[193],"obtains":[194],"margin":[196],"2.85-fold":[199],"increase":[200],"terms":[202],"global":[204],"tactic":[205],"space":[206],"coverage.":[207],"It":[208],"also":[209],"demonstrates":[210],"variety":[213],"discovered":[215],"comparable":[220],"human":[222],"experts\u2019":[223],"knowledge.":[224]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}