{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400373826","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3652988.3673949","title":"Empathic Grounding: Explorations using Multimodal Interaction and Large Language Models with Conversational Agents","display_name":"Empathic Grounding: Explorations using Multimodal Interaction and Large Language Models with Conversational Agents","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-09-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400373826","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3652988.3673949"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3652988.3673949","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3652988.3673949","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3652988.3673949","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005108319","display_name":"Mehdi Arjmand","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5701-8939"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mehdi Arjmand","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northeastern University, USA","Northeastern University Boston, MA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5701-8939","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northeastern University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northeastern University Boston, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5097633215","display_name":"Farnaz Nouraei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0406-4410"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Farnaz Nouraei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northeastern University, USA","Northeastern University Boston, MA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0406-4410","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northeastern University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northeastern University Boston, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040270827","display_name":"Ian Steenstra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2514-3302"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ian Steenstra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northeastern University, USA","Northeastern University Boston, MA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2514-3302","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northeastern University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northeastern University Boston, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005469838","display_name":"Timothy Bickmore","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2676-9788"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Timothy Bickmore","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northeastern University, USA","Northeastern University Boston, MA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2676-9788","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northeastern University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northeastern University Boston, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005108319"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.0951,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96395715,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12128","display_name":"AI in Service Interactions","score":0.991100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11148","display_name":"Language, Metaphor, and Cognition","score":0.9884999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empathy","display_name":"Empathy","score":0.6033185124397278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.593317985534668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conversation","display_name":"Conversation","score":0.5669328570365906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-expression","display_name":"Facial expression","score":0.5664881467819214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gesture","display_name":"Gesture","score":0.5007884502410889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.45903491973876953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.4270244836807251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.3521493673324585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.31108421087265015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2550828158855438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communication","display_name":"Communication","score":0.19149091839790344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.0852072536945343}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779885105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182263","display_name":"Empathy","level":2,"score":0.6033185124397278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.593317985534668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777200299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52943","display_name":"Conversation","level":2,"score":0.5669328570365906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195704467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327968","display_name":"Facial expression","level":2,"score":0.5664881467819214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207347870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371174","display_name":"Gesture","level":2,"score":0.5007884502410889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.45903491973876953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.4270244836807251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.3521493673324585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.31108421087265015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2550828158855438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.19149091839790344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0852072536945343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3652988.3673949","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3652988.3673949","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2407.01824","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2407.01824","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2407.01824","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3652988.3673949","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3652988.3673949","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.6800000071525574}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1741471588","https://openalex.org/W1813760943","https://openalex.org/W1889777305","https://openalex.org/W1921786749","https://openalex.org/W2003653478","https://openalex.org/W2030899577","https://openalex.org/W2032568497","https://openalex.org/W2042170119","https://openalex.org/W2052513452","https://openalex.org/W2068819464","https://openalex.org/W2079786579","https://openalex.org/W2088418100","https://openalex.org/W2109636054","https://openalex.org/W2110475150","https://openalex.org/W2113272343","https://openalex.org/W2118748593","https://openalex.org/W2132555391","https://openalex.org/W2141855524","https://openalex.org/W2160264863","https://openalex.org/W2167702024","https://openalex.org/W2170983113","https://openalex.org/W2235920218","https://openalex.org/W2264742718","https://openalex.org/W2523288878","https://openalex.org/W2592036800","https://openalex.org/W2787693967","https://openalex.org/W2796933306","https://openalex.org/W2911776943","https://openalex.org/W2913756371","https://openalex.org/W2928641283","https://openalex.org/W3093904716","https://openalex.org/W3195612838","https://openalex.org/W3203331931","https://openalex.org/W4308099460","https://openalex.org/W4308101891","https://openalex.org/W4367310920","https://openalex.org/W4387126705","https://openalex.org/W4387446786","https://openalex.org/W4388562681","https://openalex.org/W4389666684","https://openalex.org/W4390874371","https://openalex.org/W4390874482","https://openalex.org/W4394597569","https://openalex.org/W6778883912"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2022249999","https://openalex.org/W1968552888","https://openalex.org/W2790197180","https://openalex.org/W2321298859","https://openalex.org/W2374116601","https://openalex.org/W3093134843","https://openalex.org/W1511346092","https://openalex.org/W1527532029","https://openalex.org/W4206297952"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,97,125,162],"introduce":[1],"the":[2,22,29,39,47,153,159,197],"concept":[3],"of":[4,13,16,64,82,148,158,187,199],"\u201cempathic":[5],"grounding\u201d":[6],"in":[7,18,20,136,175,204],"conversational":[8,210],"agents":[9,87],"as":[10,104],"an":[11],"extension":[12],"Clark\u2019s":[14],"conceptualization":[15],"grounding":[17,23,34,48,69,84,114,173,183,207],"conversation":[19],"which":[21,137],"criterion":[24],"includes":[25],"listener":[26,67],"empathy":[27],"for":[28,85,116,209],"speaker\u2019s":[30,40],"affective":[31,59],"state.":[32],"Empathic":[33],"is":[35],"generally":[36],"required":[37],"whenever":[38],"emotions":[41],"are":[42],"foregrounded":[43],"and":[44,52,58,66,76,94,108,150,192,202],"can":[45,70],"make":[46],"process":[49],"more":[50],"efficient":[51,95],"reliable":[53],"by":[54],"communicating":[55],"both":[56],"propositional":[57],"understanding.":[60],"Both":[61],"speaker":[62],"expressions":[63,75],"affect":[65],"empathic":[68,83,134,182],"be":[71,89],"multimodal,":[72],"including":[73],"facial":[74,109],"other":[77],"nonverbal":[78],"displays.":[79],"Thus,":[80],"models":[81],"embodied":[86],"should":[88],"multimodal":[90,100,113],"to":[91,111,130,133,167],"facilitate":[92],"natural":[93],"communication.":[96],"describe":[98,127],"a":[99,117,121,128,138,142,145,176],"model":[101,166],"that":[102,169,181],"takes":[103],"input":[105],"user":[106,143,154,185],"speech":[107],"expression":[110],"generate":[112],"moves":[115,208],"listening":[118],"agent":[119],"using":[120],"large":[122],"language":[123],"model.":[124],"also":[126],"testbed":[129],"evaluate":[131],"approaches":[132],"grounding,":[135],"humanoid":[139],"robot":[140],"interviews":[141],"about":[144],"past":[146],"episode":[147],"pain":[149],"then":[151],"has":[152],"rate":[155],"their":[156],"perception":[157],"robot\u2019s":[160],"empathy.":[161],"compare":[163],"our":[164],"proposed":[165],"one":[168],"only":[170],"generates":[171],"non-affective":[172],"cues":[174],"between-subjects":[177],"experiment.":[178],"Findings":[179],"demonstrate":[180],"increases":[184],"perceptions":[186],"empathy,":[188],"understanding,":[189],"emotional":[190],"intelligence,":[191],"trust.":[193],"Our":[194],"work":[195],"highlights":[196],"role":[198],"emotion":[200],"awareness":[201],"multimodality":[203],"generating":[205],"appropriate":[206],"agents.":[211]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-06-05T09:01:59.212387","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}