{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405812749","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3652988.3673924","title":"Building Conversational Agents for Stroke Rehabilitation: An Evaluation of Large Language Models and Retrieval Augmented Generation","display_name":"Building Conversational Agents for Stroke Rehabilitation: An Evaluation of Large Language Models and Retrieval Augmented Generation","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-09-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405812749","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3652988.3673924"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3652988.3673924","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3652988.3673924","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5094077507","display_name":"Alexandra Retevoi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7710-8769"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexandra Retevoi","raw_affiliation_strings":["D-HEST, Rehabilitation Engineering Laboratory, ETH Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7710-8769","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"D-HEST, Rehabilitation Engineering Laboratory, ETH Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044405586","display_name":"Giada Devittori","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4945-8034"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giada Devittori","raw_affiliation_strings":["D-HEST, Rehabilitation Engineering Laboratory, ETH Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4945-8034","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"D-HEST, Rehabilitation Engineering Laboratory, ETH Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047492630","display_name":"Tobias Kowatsch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5939-4145"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","display_name":"University of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202963720","display_name":"University of St.Gallen","ror":"https://ror.org/0561a3s31","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202963720"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tobias Kowatsch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Technology, Management, and Economics, ETH Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland; Institute for Implementation Science in Health Care, University of Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland and School of Medicine, University of St. Gallen, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5939-4145","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Technology, Management, and Economics, ETH Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland; Institute for Implementation Science in Health Care, University of Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland and School of Medicine, University of St. Gallen, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423","https://openalex.org/I202963720","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049420900","display_name":"Olivier Lambercy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0760-7054"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Olivier Lambercy","raw_affiliation_strings":["D-HEST, Rehabilitation Engineering Laboratory, ETH Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland and Future Health Technologies program, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore-ETH Centre, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0760-7054","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"D-HEST, Rehabilitation Engineering Laboratory, ETH Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland and Future Health Technologies program, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore-ETH Centre, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.6907,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9636194,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10510","display_name":"Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery","score":0.9779999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2742","display_name":"Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10510","display_name":"Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery","score":0.9779999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2742","display_name":"Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9466000199317932,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.929099977016449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.75837641954422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rehabilitation","display_name":"Rehabilitation","score":0.5645029544830322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.49197623133659363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stroke","display_name":"Stroke (engine)","score":0.4915517270565033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.41372859477996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.38698333501815796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.3362399637699127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.12969070672988892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-therapy","display_name":"Physical therapy","score":0.12321239709854126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08685532212257385}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.75837641954422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778818304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1819478","display_name":"Rehabilitation","level":2,"score":0.5645029544830322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.49197623133659363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780645631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q671554","display_name":"Stroke (engine)","level":2,"score":0.4915517270565033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.41372859477996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.38698333501815796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3362399637699127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.12969070672988892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.12321239709854126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08685532212257385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3652988.3673924","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3652988.3673924","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:doi:10.5167/uzh-268717","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8299999833106995,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323817","display_name":"Universitas Brawijaya","ror":"https://ror.org/01wk3d929"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1895722634","https://openalex.org/W3041174039","https://openalex.org/W3096256222","https://openalex.org/W3118866989","https://openalex.org/W3158564534","https://openalex.org/W4205679663","https://openalex.org/W4378515801","https://openalex.org/W4381586770","https://openalex.org/W4382930233","https://openalex.org/W4384561707","https://openalex.org/W4389898530","https://openalex.org/W4394621486","https://openalex.org/W4403677077","https://openalex.org/W4404534210"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2065866188","https://openalex.org/W2468580946","https://openalex.org/W2064410155","https://openalex.org/W2331071954","https://openalex.org/W2360512056","https://openalex.org/W4289519383","https://openalex.org/W291986995","https://openalex.org/W2403685834","https://openalex.org/W2403558059","https://openalex.org/W2378727210"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Conversational":[0],"agents":[1],"(CAs)":[2],"have":[3],"been":[4],"successfully":[5],"implemented":[6],"to":[7,29,40,67,71,90,119],"deliver":[8,41],"digital":[9,42],"health":[10],"interventions.":[11],"However,":[12],"most":[13],"of":[14,49,52,87,127,143,165],"their":[15],"applications":[16],"focus":[17],"on":[18,102],"non-communicable":[19],"diseases,":[20],"e.g.,":[21],"diabetes.":[22],"RehabCoach,":[23,53],"a":[24,55,112,131],"CA-based":[25],"smartphone":[26],"application":[27],"designed":[28],"assist":[30],"stroke":[31],"survivors":[32],"during":[33],"at-home":[34],"unsupervised":[35],"rehabilitation,":[36],"utilizes":[37],"multiple":[38],"CAs":[39,51,172],"interventions":[43],"for":[44,169],"therapy":[45],"adherence.":[46],"Matthias,":[47],"one":[48],"the":[50,83,121,124,141,144,148,163],"is":[54],"novel":[56],"Large":[57],"Language":[58],"Model-based":[59],"CA":[60,145],"that":[61,140],"leverages":[62],"Retrieval":[63],"Augmented":[64],"Generation":[65],"(RAG)":[66],"answer":[68],"questions":[69],"related":[70],"ReHandyBot,":[72],"an":[73],"upper":[74],"limb":[75],"rehabilitation":[76,171],"device.":[77],"In":[78],"this":[79],"work,":[80],"we":[81],"assessed":[82],"preciseness":[84],"and":[85,106,123,156],"conciseness":[86],"Matthias\u2019s":[88],"answers":[89],"14":[91],"device-related":[92],"questions.":[93],"For":[94],"each":[95],"question,":[96],"Matthias":[97],"generated":[98,146],"6":[99],"answers,":[100],"based":[101],"3":[103],"different":[104,108],"prompts":[105],"2":[107],"data":[109,168],"sources,":[110],"i.e.,":[111],"conversational":[113,149,167],"dataset":[114,150],"containing":[115],"dialogues":[116],"about":[117],"how":[118],"operate":[120],"device":[122,125,137],"manual":[126],"instructions.":[128],"Results":[129],"from":[130],"blinded":[132],"evaluation":[133],"performed":[134],"by":[135],"two":[136],"experts":[138],"highlight":[139],"responses":[142],"using":[147,166],"were":[151],"considered":[152],"more":[153],"concise":[154],"(82,14%)":[155],"better":[157],"overall":[158],"(60,70%).":[159],"This":[160],"work":[161],"shows":[162],"potential":[164],"device-assisted":[170],"deploying":[173],"RAG.":[174]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}