{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392952209","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3652522","title":"A3C: An Image-Association-Based Computing Device Authentication Framework for People with Upper Extremity Impairments","display_name":"A3C: An Image-Association-Based Computing Device Authentication Framework for People with Upper Extremity Impairments","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-03-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392952209","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3652522"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3652522","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3652522","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3652522","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S79551877","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing","issn_l":"1936-7228","issn":["1936-7228","1936-7236"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3652522","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050615117","display_name":"Brittany Lewis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2584-5483"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17626003","display_name":"University of Rhode Island","ror":"https://ror.org/013ckk937","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17626003"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brittany Lewis","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2584-5483","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17626003"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088619702","display_name":"Priyankan Kirupaharan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4617-3962"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17626003","display_name":"University of Rhode Island","ror":"https://ror.org/013ckk937","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17626003"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Priyankan Kirupaharan","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4617-3962","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17626003"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067647289","display_name":"Tina-Marie Ranalli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7508-4948"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196272386","display_name":"Providence College","ror":"https://ror.org/00rxpqe74","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196272386"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tina-Marie Ranalli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Independent Scholar, Providence, RI, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7508-4948","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Independent Scholar, Providence, RI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196272386"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012100549","display_name":"K. Venkatasubramanian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2708-9530"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17626003","display_name":"University of Rhode Island","ror":"https://ror.org/013ckk937","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17626003"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Krishna Venkatasubramanian","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2708-9530","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17626003"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2792,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82783557,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"2","first_page":"1","last_page":"37"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9868999719619751,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9577999711036682,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/association","display_name":"Association (psychology)","score":0.6572295427322388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5807835459709167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.5399354696273804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-medicine-and-rehabilitation","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","score":0.4049033224582672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.36275845766067505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.3494262993335724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.34780165553092957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.32545167207717896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.307182252407074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.23520392179489136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychotherapist","display_name":"Psychotherapist","score":0.08345222473144531}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142853389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744778","display_name":"Association (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6572295427322388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5807835459709167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.5399354696273804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.4049033224582672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.36275845766067505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3494262993335724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.34780165553092957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.32545167207717896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.307182252407074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.23520392179489136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.08345222473144531}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3652522","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3652522","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3652522","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S79551877","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing","issn_l":"1936-7228","issn":["1936-7228","1936-7236"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3652522","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3652522","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3652522","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S79551877","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing","issn_l":"1936-7228","issn":["1936-7228","1936-7236"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392952209.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":90,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W32836389","https://openalex.org/W70855763","https://openalex.org/W128619364","https://openalex.org/W135685467","https://openalex.org/W1559155956","https://openalex.org/W1627695629","https://openalex.org/W1829152331","https://openalex.org/W1971937064","https://openalex.org/W1978075813","https://openalex.org/W1978367807","https://openalex.org/W1984931078","https://openalex.org/W1988463028","https://openalex.org/W1990451873","https://openalex.org/W1993205114","https://openalex.org/W1997327746","https://openalex.org/W2007246076","https://openalex.org/W2012187692","https://openalex.org/W2012989259","https://openalex.org/W2016453004","https://openalex.org/W2019017059","https://openalex.org/W2022759589","https://openalex.org/W2028849308","https://openalex.org/W2029838601","https://openalex.org/W2031362864","https://openalex.org/W2038496767","https://openalex.org/W2046378201","https://openalex.org/W2074387480","https://openalex.org/W2075808188","https://openalex.org/W2076129226","https://openalex.org/W2077414235","https://openalex.org/W2080601453","https://openalex.org/W2087164921","https://openalex.org/W2087697043","https://openalex.org/W2094958958","https://openalex.org/W2098112891","https://openalex.org/W2106247215","https://openalex.org/W2108525321","https://openalex.org/W2112060097","https://openalex.org/W2112767991","https://openalex.org/W2115218409","https://openalex.org/W2124192318","https://openalex.org/W2126453598","https://openalex.org/W2128777859","https://openalex.org/W2137894552","https://openalex.org/W2155336872","https://openalex.org/W2159335031","https://openalex.org/W2161032904","https://openalex.org/W2163391293","https://openalex.org/W2166689265","https://openalex.org/W2168735851","https://openalex.org/W2253822663","https://openalex.org/W2509502619","https://openalex.org/W2576625988","https://openalex.org/W2592961424","https://openalex.org/W2611149039","https://openalex.org/W2617378240","https://openalex.org/W2718043701","https://openalex.org/W2765706162","https://openalex.org/W2766924985","https://openalex.org/W2766943618","https://openalex.org/W2795566406","https://openalex.org/W2809305461","https://openalex.org/W2845281421","https://openalex.org/W2895359493","https://openalex.org/W2897093702","https://openalex.org/W2909555761","https://openalex.org/W2910590382","https://openalex.org/W2911941021","https://openalex.org/W2942101917","https://openalex.org/W2963566548","https://openalex.org/W2968750724","https://openalex.org/W3009676920","https://openalex.org/W3022588865","https://openalex.org/W3034552680","https://openalex.org/W3045297130","https://openalex.org/W3047312481","https://openalex.org/W3081641119","https://openalex.org/W3091941128","https://openalex.org/W3095133436","https://openalex.org/W3095963470","https://openalex.org/W3096526734","https://openalex.org/W3159989064","https://openalex.org/W3160942992","https://openalex.org/W3162965629","https://openalex.org/W3175998072","https://openalex.org/W4200171428","https://openalex.org/W4206013076","https://openalex.org/W4210302606","https://openalex.org/W4225145302","https://openalex.org/W4285069973"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2352440174","https://openalex.org/W4309440960","https://openalex.org/W2062168445","https://openalex.org/W2348940229","https://openalex.org/W2363046693","https://openalex.org/W2389491697","https://openalex.org/W4301044699","https://openalex.org/W2067476155","https://openalex.org/W2728345702","https://openalex.org/W2352562594"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Current":[0],"computing":[1,48],"device":[2],"authentication":[3,36,196],"often":[4],"presents":[5],"accessibility":[6,180],"barriers":[7],"for":[8,27,40],"people":[9,41,105,151],"with":[10,42,74,150,152,198],"upper":[11],"extremity":[12],"impairments":[13],"(UEI)":[14],".":[15],"In":[16],"this":[17],"article,":[18],"we":[19,86,207],"present":[20],"a":[21,32,55,75,92,128,137,147,174],"framework":[22,37,89],"called":[23,96],"Accessible":[24],"image-Association-based":[25],"Authentication":[26],"Computing":[28],"devices":[29],"(A3C)":[30],",":[31,98],"novel":[33],"recognition-based":[34],"graphical":[35],"specifically":[38],"designed":[39],"UEI":[43,153],"to":[44,46,53,66,125,177,214],"authenticate":[45],"their":[47],"devices.":[49],"A3C":[50,84,95,162,221],"requires":[51],"users":[52],"provide":[54],"set":[56],"of":[57,82,94,102,104,181,211,219],"primary":[58,72,111],"images":[59,101,115],"the":[60,80,83,88,106,110,117,179,195,217,220],"user":[61,107],"knows":[62,108],"that":[63,161,186],"are":[64],"recognizable":[65],"them":[67],"and":[68,113,146,168,191],"subsequently":[69],"associate":[70],"each":[71],"image":[73,112],"secondary":[76,118],"image.":[77,119],"To":[78],"evaluate":[79,126,178],"efficacy":[81],"framework,":[85],"instantiated":[87],"by":[90],"implementing":[91],"version":[93],"A3C-FA":[97,187],"which":[99,199],"uses":[100],"faces":[103],"as":[109,116],"animal":[114],"We":[120,159,171],"then":[121],"performed":[122,173],"three":[123],"studies":[124],"A3C-FA:":[127],"shoulder-surfing":[129,167],"attack":[130,139],"study":[131,140,149,176],"(":[132,141,154],"N":[133,142,155],"\\(=\\)":[134,143,156],"319":[135],"),":[136,145],"close-adversary":[138,169],"268":[144],"usability":[148],"14":[157],").":[158],"found":[160],"was":[163,188],"robust":[164],"against":[165],"both":[166],"attacks.":[170],"also":[172],"detailed":[175],"A3C-FA.":[182],"Our":[183],"participants":[184],"reported":[185],"more":[189,192],"usable":[190],"secure":[193],"than":[194],"approaches":[197],"they":[200],"were":[201],"familiar.":[202],"Based":[203],"on":[204],"these":[205],"findings,":[206],"suggest":[208],"four":[209],"areas":[210],"future":[212],"research":[213],"further":[215],"improve":[216],"design":[218],"framework.":[222]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
