{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400361063","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3649921.3650014","title":"Comprehensive and Instantly Responsive Player Assistance using Binary Decision Diagrams","display_name":"Comprehensive and Instantly Responsive Player Assistance using Binary Decision Diagrams","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400361063","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3649921.3650014"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3649921.3650014","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3649921.3650014","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045298161","display_name":"Ross Mawhorter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4735-010X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185103710","display_name":"University of California, Santa Cruz","ror":"https://ror.org/03s65by71","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ross Mawhorter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science / Baskin School of Engineering / Design Reasoning Lab, University of California, Santa Cruz, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4735-010X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science / Baskin School of Engineering / Design Reasoning Lab, University of California, Santa Cruz, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055813085","display_name":"Adam M. Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4519-8423"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185103710","display_name":"University of California, Santa Cruz","ror":"https://ror.org/03s65by71","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adam M. Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computational Media / Baskin School of Engineering / Design Reasoning Lab, University of California, Santa Cruz, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4519-8423","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computational Media / Baskin School of Engineering / Design Reasoning Lab, University of California, Santa Cruz, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045298161"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6623,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73658412,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"11"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9908000230789185,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10731","display_name":"Educational Games and Gamification","score":0.9889000058174133,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6545836329460144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-decision-diagram","display_name":"Binary decision diagram","score":0.6545775532722473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.5162922739982605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.37902480363845825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.33563172817230225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.23291924595832825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.160434752702713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.0898294746875763}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6545836329460144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3309909","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864155","display_name":"Binary decision diagram","level":2,"score":0.6545775532722473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.5162922739982605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.37902480363845825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.33563172817230225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.23291924595832825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.160434752702713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.0898294746875763}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3649921.3650014","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3649921.3650014","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.5199999809265137}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1504504841","https://openalex.org/W1671718115","https://openalex.org/W1822932058","https://openalex.org/W1994143452","https://openalex.org/W2007572995","https://openalex.org/W2010065567","https://openalex.org/W2018839436","https://openalex.org/W2080267935","https://openalex.org/W2105197197","https://openalex.org/W2135453964","https://openalex.org/W2521051075","https://openalex.org/W2528726414","https://openalex.org/W2902069995","https://openalex.org/W3093485487","https://openalex.org/W3210721932","https://openalex.org/W4235197231","https://openalex.org/W4363651350","https://openalex.org/W4394304100","https://openalex.org/W6903090683"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W4395014643"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,44],"large":[1,41,58],"game":[2,59],"worlds,":[3],"players":[4],"can":[5,54,65],"get":[6],"lost":[7],"and":[8,62,88,123],"feel":[9],"overwhelmed":[10],"as":[11],"they":[12],"try":[13],"to":[14,68,78,91,126],"figure":[15],"out":[16],"which":[17],"immediate":[18],"choices":[19],"will":[20],"make":[21],"progress":[22],"towards":[23,104],"their":[24],"own":[25],"long-range":[26],"goals":[27],"in":[28,108,134],"the":[29,112],"game.":[30],"This":[31],"is":[32],"a":[33,80,84,119],"planning":[34,115],"problem,":[35],"but":[36],"these":[37],"games":[38],"often":[39],"have":[40],"state":[42,60,103],"spaces.":[43],"this":[45,63],"paper,":[46],"we":[47],"show":[48],"that":[49,96],"Binary":[50],"Decision":[51],"Diagrams":[52],"(BDDs)":[53],"directly":[55],"manipulate":[56],"very":[57],"spaces,":[61],"power":[64],"be":[66],"leveraged":[67],"construct":[69],"instantly":[70],"responsive":[71],"player":[72],"assistance":[73,133],"systems.":[74],"We":[75,110],"use":[76,89],"BDDs":[77,117],"build":[79],"compressed":[81],"representation":[82],"of":[83],"game\u2019s":[85],"state-transition":[86],"function,":[87],"it":[90],"derive":[92],"an":[93,127],"action":[94],"policy":[95],"makes":[97],"shortest-path":[98],"recommendations":[99],"for":[100,130],"any":[101,105],"feasible":[102],"achievable":[106],"goal":[107],"milliseconds.":[109],"introduce":[111],"intuition":[113],"behind":[114],"with":[116],"using":[118],"tiny":[120],"grid":[121],"world,":[122],"eventually":[124],"scale":[125],"integrated":[128],"system":[129],"start-to-finish":[131],"gameplay":[132],"Super":[135],"Metroid.":[136]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
