{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4396214513","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3649813","title":"Synthetiq: Fast and Versatile Quantum Circuit Synthesis","display_name":"Synthetiq: Fast and Versatile Quantum Circuit Synthesis","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-04-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4396214513","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3649813"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3649813","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3649813","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3649813","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216081","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","issn_l":"2475-1421","issn":["2475-1421"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3649813","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028734259","display_name":"Anouk Paradis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6029-1386"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anouk Paradis","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6029-1386","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093356429","display_name":"Jasper Dekoninck","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0621-170X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jasper Dekoninck","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0621-170X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074409480","display_name":"Benjamin Bichsel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-7908"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin Bichsel","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-7908","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069901599","display_name":"Martin Vechev","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0054-9568"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Vechev","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0054-9568","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.1677,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94579911,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"OOPSLA1","first_page":"55","last_page":"82"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13182","display_name":"Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.45902734994888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4159262180328369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.24057835340499878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.12869316339492798}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.45902734994888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4159262180328369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.24057835340499878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.12869316339492798}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3649813","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3649813","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3649813","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216081","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","issn_l":"2475-1421","issn":["2475-1421"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.research-collection.ethz.ch:20.500.11850/673622","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/673622","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402302","display_name":"Repository for Publications and Research Data (ETH Zurich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","host_organization_name":"ETH Zurich","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages, 8 (OOPSLA1)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"doi:10.3929/ethz-b-000673622","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000673622","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407051236","display_name":"ETH Z\u00fcrich Research Collection","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3649813","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3649813","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3649813","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216081","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","issn_l":"2475-1421","issn":["2475-1421"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8899999856948853}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4396214513.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4396214513.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1492999010","https://openalex.org/W1605974080","https://openalex.org/W1631356911","https://openalex.org/W1749786511","https://openalex.org/W1984021697","https://openalex.org/W2000548865","https://openalex.org/W2037851901","https://openalex.org/W2065516801","https://openalex.org/W2081444194","https://openalex.org/W2084652510","https://openalex.org/W2150528339","https://openalex.org/W2160347025","https://openalex.org/W2202869460","https://openalex.org/W2302430074","https://openalex.org/W2619038324","https://openalex.org/W2734474749","https://openalex.org/W2770147582","https://openalex.org/W2811032035","https://openalex.org/W2889884448","https://openalex.org/W2906538035","https://openalex.org/W2949686459","https://openalex.org/W2962612432","https://openalex.org/W2963993741","https://openalex.org/W2982169647","https://openalex.org/W2994281511","https://openalex.org/W3003473643","https://openalex.org/W3009488992","https://openalex.org/W3023478445","https://openalex.org/W3047378565","https://openalex.org/W3080950703","https://openalex.org/W3098266755","https://openalex.org/W3099200606","https://openalex.org/W3103715576","https://openalex.org/W3104993277","https://openalex.org/W3105859973","https://openalex.org/W3107142642","https://openalex.org/W3119276036","https://openalex.org/W3132927810","https://openalex.org/W3173618123","https://openalex.org/W3207323274","https://openalex.org/W3207729735","https://openalex.org/W4234318285","https://openalex.org/W4240593444","https://openalex.org/W4285805378","https://openalex.org/W4287115917","https://openalex.org/W4287271125","https://openalex.org/W4289147395","https://openalex.org/W4289810781","https://openalex.org/W4293484738","https://openalex.org/W4297790929","https://openalex.org/W4300170034","https://openalex.org/W4307283983","https://openalex.org/W4362659552","https://openalex.org/W4396944746","https://openalex.org/W6911296266"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W4395014643","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2350741829"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"implement":[1],"quantum":[2,5,46,121],"algorithms":[3],"on":[4],"computers":[6],"it":[7],"is":[8,58,188],"crucial":[9],"to":[10,36,44,80,98,191],"decompose":[11],"their":[12,146],"operators":[13,122,158,169],"into":[14],"the":[15,102,160,171,209],"limited":[16],"gate":[17,55,162,173,181],"set":[18],"supported":[19],"by":[20],"those":[21,185],"computers.":[22],"Unfortunately,":[23],"existing":[24,64],"works":[25],"automating":[26],"this":[27,90],"essential":[28],"task":[29,153],"are":[30],"generally":[31],"slow":[32],"and":[33,60,128,175,200],"only":[34],"applicable":[35],"narrow":[37],"use":[38],"cases.We":[39],"present":[40],"Synthetiq,":[41],"a":[42,49,72,94,138],"method":[43,92],"synthesize":[45],"circuits":[47],"implementing":[48],"given":[50],"specification":[51],"over":[52],"arbitrary":[53],"finite":[54],"sets,":[56],"which":[57],"faster":[59,196],"more":[61,142],"versatile":[62],"than":[63,114,197],"works.":[65],"Synthetiq":[66,87,109,135,187],"utilizes":[67],"Simulated":[68],"Annealing":[69],"instantiated":[70],"with":[71,93,179],"novel,":[73],"domain-specific":[74],"energy":[75],"function":[76],"that":[77,108,204],"allows":[78],"developers":[79],"leverage":[81],"partial":[82],"specifications":[83],"for":[84,118],"better":[85,112],"efficiency.":[86],"further":[88],"couples":[89],"synthesis":[91,166,213],"custom":[95,180],"simplification":[96],"pass,":[97],"ensure":[99],"efficiency":[100],"of":[101,141,154,167,194,208,211],"found":[103],"circuits.":[104],"We":[105],"experimentally":[106],"demonstrate":[107],"can":[110,201],"generate":[111],"implementations":[113],"were":[115,205],"previously":[116,206],"known":[117],"multiple":[119],"relevant":[120],"including":[123,149],"RCCCX,":[124],"CCT,":[125],"CCiSWAP,":[126],"C\u221aSWAP,":[127],"C\u221aiSWAP.":[129],"Our":[130],"extensive":[131],"evaluation":[132],"also":[133],"demonstrates":[134],"frequently":[136],"outperforms":[137],"wide":[139],"variety":[140],"specialized":[143],"tools":[144],"in":[145,159,170],"own":[147],"domains,":[148],"(i)":[150],"\u200dthe":[151],"well-studied":[152],"synthesizing":[155],"fully":[156],"specified":[157],"Clifford+T":[161],"set,":[163,174],"(ii)":[164],"\u200d\u0454-approximate":[165],"multi-qubit":[168],"same":[172],"(iii)":[176],"\u200dsynthesis":[177],"tasks":[178],"sets.":[182],"On":[183],"all":[184],"tasks,":[186],"typically":[189],"one":[190],"two":[192],"orders":[193],"magnitude":[195],"previous":[198],"state-of-the-art":[199],"tackle":[202],"problems":[203],"out":[207],"reach":[210],"any":[212],"tool.":[214]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
