{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391740236","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3649792.3649806","title":"Quantifying and Leveraging Uncertain and Imprecise Answers in Multiple Choice Questionnaires for Crowdsourcing","display_name":"Quantifying and Leveraging Uncertain and Imprecise Answers in Multiple Choice Questionnaires for Crowdsourcing","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-03-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391740236","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3649792.3649806"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3649792.3649806","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3649792.3649806","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 35th Conference on l'Interaction Humain-Machine","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://hal.science/hal-04450130v1/file/cThierry_authorVersion_ihm24.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028690587","display_name":"Constance Thierry","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6680-2837"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802519937","display_name":"Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Syst\u00e8mes Al\u00e9atoires","ror":"https://ror.org/00myn0z94","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1326498283","https://openalex.org/I205703379","https://openalex.org/I2802204017","https://openalex.org/I2802519937","https://openalex.org/I28221208","https://openalex.org/I4210127572","https://openalex.org/I4210159245","https://openalex.org/I56067802"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56067802","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Rennes","ror":"https://ror.org/015m7wh34","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56067802"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Constance Thierry","raw_affiliation_strings":["DRUID - Univ Rennes, CNRS, IRISA, Univ. Rennes, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6680-2837","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DRUID - Univ Rennes, CNRS, IRISA, Univ. Rennes, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802519937","https://openalex.org/I56067802","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074124908","display_name":"G\u00e9ry Casiez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1905-815X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2279609970","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lille","ror":"https://ror.org/02kzqn938","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2279609970"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7454413","display_name":"\u00c9cole Centrale de Lille","ror":"https://ror.org/01x441g73","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7454413"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G\u00e9ry Casiez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inria, Centrale Lille, UMR 9189 CRIStAL, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1905-815X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inria, Centrale Lille, UMR 9189 CRIStAL, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7454413","https://openalex.org/I2279609970","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061167399","display_name":"Jean-Christophe Dubois","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6099-9050"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802519937","display_name":"Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Syst\u00e8mes Al\u00e9atoires","ror":"https://ror.org/00myn0z94","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1326498283","https://openalex.org/I205703379","https://openalex.org/I2802204017","https://openalex.org/I2802519937","https://openalex.org/I28221208","https://openalex.org/I4210127572","https://openalex.org/I4210159245","https://openalex.org/I56067802"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56067802","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Rennes","ror":"https://ror.org/015m7wh34","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56067802"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jean-Christophe Dubois","raw_affiliation_strings":["DRUID - Univ Rennes, CNRS, IRISA, Univ. Rennes, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6099-9050","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DRUID - Univ Rennes, CNRS, IRISA, Univ. Rennes, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802519937","https://openalex.org/I56067802","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050463768","display_name":"Yolande Le-Gall","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6869-8407"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802519937","display_name":"Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Syst\u00e8mes Al\u00e9atoires","ror":"https://ror.org/00myn0z94","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1326498283","https://openalex.org/I205703379","https://openalex.org/I2802204017","https://openalex.org/I2802519937","https://openalex.org/I28221208","https://openalex.org/I4210127572","https://openalex.org/I4210159245","https://openalex.org/I56067802"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56067802","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Rennes","ror":"https://ror.org/015m7wh34","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56067802"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yolande Le-Gall","raw_affiliation_strings":["DRUID - Univ Rennes, CNRS, IRISA, Univ. Rennes, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6869-8407","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DRUID - Univ Rennes, CNRS, IRISA, Univ. Rennes, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802519937","https://openalex.org/I56067802","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047560482","display_name":"Sylvain Malacria","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5201-5875"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2279609970","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lille","ror":"https://ror.org/02kzqn938","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2279609970"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7454413","display_name":"\u00c9cole Centrale de Lille","ror":"https://ror.org/01x441g73","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7454413"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sylvain Malacria","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. Lille, Inria, CNRS, Centrale Lille, UMR 9189 CRIStAL, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5201-5875","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. Lille, Inria, CNRS, Centrale Lille, UMR 9189 CRIStAL, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7454413","https://openalex.org/I2279609970","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041328118","display_name":"Thomas Pietrzak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2013-7253"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2279609970","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lille","ror":"https://ror.org/02kzqn938","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2279609970"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Pietrzak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9 de Lille, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2013-7253","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 de Lille, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2279609970"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066460460","display_name":"Arnaud Martin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0882-0153"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802519937","display_name":"Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Syst\u00e8mes Al\u00e9atoires","ror":"https://ror.org/00myn0z94","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1326498283","https://openalex.org/I205703379","https://openalex.org/I2802204017","https://openalex.org/I2802519937","https://openalex.org/I28221208","https://openalex.org/I4210127572","https://openalex.org/I4210159245","https://openalex.org/I56067802"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56067802","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Rennes","ror":"https://ror.org/015m7wh34","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56067802"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arnaud Martin","raw_affiliation_strings":["DRUID - Univ Rennes, CNRS, IRISA, Univ. Rennes, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0882-0153","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DRUID - Univ Rennes, CNRS, IRISA, Univ. Rennes, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802519937","https://openalex.org/I56067802","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028852412","display_name":"Pierrick Uro","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2279609970","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lille","ror":"https://ror.org/02kzqn938","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2279609970"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pierrick Uro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. Lille, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1333-3433","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. Lille, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2279609970"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028690587"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I2802519937","https://openalex.org/I56067802"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.01805734,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11704","display_name":"Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11704","display_name":"Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13274","display_name":"Expert finding and Q&A systems","score":0.9775000214576721,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11182","display_name":"Auction Theory and Applications","score":0.9768000245094299,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crowdsourcing","display_name":"Crowdsourcing","score":0.7856886386871338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.6730978488922119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6641030311584473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.6400052309036255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5966835618019104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.5051832795143127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-error-rate","display_name":"Word error rate","score":0.44428810477256775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.42876705527305603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.40631574392318726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.07247605919837952}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62230096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275969","display_name":"Crowdsourcing","level":2,"score":0.7856886386871338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.6730978488922119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6641030311584473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.6400052309036255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5966835618019104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.5051832795143127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40969351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3516228","display_name":"Word error rate","level":2,"score":0.44428810477256775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.42876705527305603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.40631574392318726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07247605919837952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3649792.3649806","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3649792.3649806","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 35th Conference on l'Interaction Humain-Machine","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-04450130v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-04450130","pdf_url":"https://hal.science/hal-04450130v1/file/cThierry_authorVersion_ihm24.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IHM 2024","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-04547439v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://inria.hal.science/hal-04547439","pdf_url":"https://inria.hal.science/hal-04547439/document","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IHM 2024 - 35e Conf\u00e9rence internationale francophone sur l'interaction humain-machine","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},{"id":"pmh:oai:lilloa.univ-lille.fr:20.500.12210/110674","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402203","display_name":"LillOA (Universit\u00e9 de Lille (University Of Lille))","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210123514","host_organization_name":"Centre d'Etudes en Civilisations, Langues et Litt\u00e9ratures Etrang\u00e8res","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123514"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-04450130v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-04450130","pdf_url":"https://hal.science/hal-04450130v1/file/cThierry_authorVersion_ihm24.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IHM 2024","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4391740236.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4391740236.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1996878936","https://openalex.org/W2012752477","https://openalex.org/W2026969101","https://openalex.org/W2030085276","https://openalex.org/W2063289012","https://openalex.org/W2114780080","https://openalex.org/W2117079761","https://openalex.org/W2168765606","https://openalex.org/W2174985112","https://openalex.org/W2296044363","https://openalex.org/W2539402368","https://openalex.org/W2588408219","https://openalex.org/W2807737088","https://openalex.org/W3005937873","https://openalex.org/W3121257585","https://openalex.org/W3121522380","https://openalex.org/W4230475127","https://openalex.org/W4232640318"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3032998312","https://openalex.org/W135177976","https://openalex.org/W4384486036","https://openalex.org/W1503094549","https://openalex.org/W2337920774","https://openalex.org/W4286908577","https://openalex.org/W2886410948","https://openalex.org/W2025875869","https://openalex.org/W4318823662","https://openalex.org/W3207526114"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Questionnaires":[0],"are":[1,133],"efficient":[2],"for":[3],"collecting":[4],"numerous":[5],"user":[6,41],"feedback.":[7],"However,":[8],"the":[9,32,49,82,86,90,95,98,105,108,117,127],"reliability":[10],"of":[11,25,94,107],"results":[12,103],"is":[13,78],"a":[14,40,54,62,79,137],"major":[15],"issue,":[16],"even":[17],"with":[18,48,116],"honest":[19],"participants.":[20],"Indeed,":[21,121],"they":[22],"face":[23],"situations":[24],"doubt,":[26],"and":[27,65,89,92,130],"usually":[28],"do":[29],"not":[30],"have":[31],"option":[33],"to":[34,51,125,135],"express":[35,73],"their":[36,74],"hesitations.":[37],"We":[38],"describe":[39],"study":[42],"in":[43],"which":[44],"we":[45,69],"provide":[46],"participants":[47,132],"possibility":[50],"give":[52],"1)":[53],"certitude":[55,63],"rate":[56,64,129],"2)":[57],"imprecise":[58,66],"answers,":[59],"3)":[60],"both":[61],"answers.":[67],"Firstly,":[68],"observe":[70],"that":[71],"contributors":[72],"hesitations":[75],"consistently:":[76],"there":[77],"correlation":[80],"between":[81],"task":[83],"difficulty":[84],"on":[85,97],"one":[87],"hand,":[88],"uncertainty":[91],"imprecision":[93],"answer,":[96],"other":[99],"hand.":[100],"Secondly,":[101],"our":[102],"demonstrate":[104],"effectiveness":[106],"decision-making":[109],"process":[110,123],"by":[111],"using":[112],"this":[113,122],"additional":[114],"information":[115],"belief":[118],"functions":[119],"theory.":[120],"helps":[124],"reduce":[126],"error":[128],"fewer":[131],"required":[134],"reach":[136],"satisfactory":[138],"correct":[139],"answers":[140],"rate.":[141]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-07T13:39:58.223016","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}