{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399487426","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3649476.3658805","title":"LISA: A Multi-Layered Iterative Framework for Hardening Obfuscation with Modular Unit Transformations","display_name":"LISA: A Multi-Layered Iterative Framework for Hardening Obfuscation with Modular Unit Transformations","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-06-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399487426","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3649476.3658805"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3649476.3658805","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3649476.3658805","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3649476.3658805?download=true","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Great Lakes Symposium on VLSI 2024","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3649476.3658805?download=true","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093719400","display_name":"Rasheed Almawzan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0568-2137"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rasheed Almawzan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0568-2137","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102756786","display_name":"Atri Chatterjee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3146-8496"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Atri Chatterjee","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Florida, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3146-8496","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Florida, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102816328","display_name":"Aritra Dasgupta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0786-9185"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aritra Dasgupta","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Florida, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0786-9185","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Florida, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039442844","display_name":"Swarup Bhunia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6082-6961"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Swarup Bhunia","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Florida, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6082-6961","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Florida, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.05853771,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"588","last_page":"591"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14117","display_name":"Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis","score":0.9836000204086304,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12859","display_name":"Cell Image Analysis Techniques","score":0.927299976348877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.7032223343849182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6325699090957642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obfuscation","display_name":"Obfuscation","score":0.551534116268158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unit","display_name":"Unit (ring theory)","score":0.4451102316379547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.37445512413978577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.19705063104629517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.15146532654762268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.08722710609436035}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.7032223343849182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6325699090957642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40305131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2616305","display_name":"Obfuscation","level":2,"score":0.551534116268158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122637931","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118084","display_name":"Unit (ring theory)","level":2,"score":0.4451102316379547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.37445512413978577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.19705063104629517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.15146532654762268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.08722710609436035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3649476.3658805","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3649476.3658805","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3649476.3658805?download=true","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Great Lakes Symposium on VLSI 2024","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3649476.3658805","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3649476.3658805","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3649476.3658805?download=true","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Great Lakes Symposium on VLSI 2024","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4399487426.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4399487426.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1504027613","https://openalex.org/W1524250393","https://openalex.org/W2012725064","https://openalex.org/W2135211381","https://openalex.org/W2343475170","https://openalex.org/W2757400610","https://openalex.org/W2766393343","https://openalex.org/W2892708618","https://openalex.org/W2945305016","https://openalex.org/W4386918947"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4224216661","https://openalex.org/W3210347767","https://openalex.org/W2066014542","https://openalex.org/W67940504","https://openalex.org/W2024170198","https://openalex.org/W2152144666","https://openalex.org/W1819617256","https://openalex.org/W4308699695"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Securing":[0],"intellectual":[1],"property":[2],"(IP)":[3],"in":[4,19,52,82],"hardware":[5,83],"has":[6],"become":[7],"increasingly":[8],"crucial":[9],"amid":[10],"increasing":[11],"threats":[12,134],"from":[13],"adversaries":[14],"due":[15,49],"to":[16,50,60,78,101,104,121,141],"untrusted":[17],"entities":[18],"the":[20,115,124],"integrated":[21],"circuit":[22],"(IC)":[23],"supply":[24],"chain.":[25],"Hardware":[26],"obfuscation":[27,84,116],"techniques":[28],"like":[29],"logic":[30],"locking":[31],"and":[32,132,157,162],"state-space":[33],"transformation":[34],"have":[35],"emerged":[36],"as":[37],"potent":[38],"countermeasures":[39,57],"against":[40,117],"such":[41],"threats,":[42],"but":[43],"doubts":[44],"about":[45],"their":[46],"efficacy":[47],"persist":[48],"compromises":[51],"recent":[53],"years.":[54],"Furthermore,":[55],"existing":[56],"also":[58],"tend":[59],"address":[61,79],"specific":[62],"adversarial":[63],"threat":[64],"models.":[65],"This":[66],"paper":[67],"introduces":[68],"LISA,":[69],"a":[70,93],"multi-layered":[71],"framework":[72,91,127],"that":[73,113],"uses":[74],"iterative":[75,126],"unit":[76,111],"transformations":[77,112,140],"security":[80],"concerns":[81],"at":[85,145],"minimal":[86],"overhead":[87,143],"costs.":[88],"The":[89,148],"proposed":[90,149],"employs":[92],"security-metric-guided":[94],"analysis":[95],"of":[96],"obfuscated":[97],"IPs,":[98],"subjecting":[99],"them":[100],"various":[102],"attacks":[103],"uncover":[105],"vulnerabilities.":[106,119],"Once":[107],"identified,":[108],"LISA":[109],"implements":[110],"harden":[114],"these":[118],"Compared":[120],"prior":[122],"work,":[123],"layered":[125],"employed":[128],"can":[129],"thwart":[130],"current":[131],"emerging":[133],"by":[135],"acquiring":[136],"novel":[137],"adaptive":[138],"design":[139],"minimize":[142],"incurred":[144],"each":[146],"iteration.":[147],"methodology":[150],"is":[151],"implemented":[152],"using":[153],"commercial":[154],"EDA":[155],"tools":[156],"evaluated":[158],"on":[159],"open-source":[160],"ISCAS85":[161],"MIT-CEP":[163],"benchmarks,":[164],"demonstrating":[165],"promising":[166],"attack":[167],"resilience":[168],"with":[169],"low":[170],"overheads.":[171]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
