{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392192216","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3649442","title":"Machine and Deep Learning Implementations for Heritage Building Information Modelling: A Critical Review of Theoretical and Applied Research","display_name":"Machine and Deep Learning Implementations for Heritage Building Information Modelling: A Critical Review of Theoretical and Applied Research","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-02-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392192216","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3649442"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3649442","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3649442","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210184050","display_name":"Journal on Computing and Cultural Heritage","issn_l":"1556-4711","issn":["1556-4711","1556-4673"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal on Computing and Cultural Heritage","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101869897","display_name":"Aleksander Gil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6224-8595"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32394136","display_name":"Northumbria University","ror":"https://ror.org/049e6bc10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aleksander Gil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Architecture and Built Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6224-8595","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Architecture and Built Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090610341","display_name":"Yusuf Aray\u0131c\u0131","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5705-2272"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32394136","display_name":"Northumbria University","ror":"https://ror.org/049e6bc10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yusuf Arayici","raw_affiliation_strings":["Architecture and Built Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5705-2272","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Architecture and Built Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042142996","display_name":"Bimal Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2539-4902"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","display_name":"University of Strathclyde","ror":"https://ror.org/00n3w3b69","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bimal Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Architecture, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2539-4902","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Architecture, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045173994","display_name":"Richard Laing","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1661-9580"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32394136","display_name":"Northumbria University","ror":"https://ror.org/049e6bc10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard Laing","raw_affiliation_strings":["Architecture and Built Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1661-9580","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Architecture and Built Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.4409,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97249227,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"3","first_page":"1","last_page":"22"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14339","display_name":"Image Processing and 3D Reconstruction","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9909999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation","display_name":"Implementation","score":0.8171702027320862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5689619779586792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4989616870880127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.49030449986457825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.4502161145210266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3724321126937866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.2912901043891907}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.8171702027320862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5689619779586792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4989616870880127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.49030449986457825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.4502161145210266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3724321126937866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.2912901043891907}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3649442","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3649442","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210184050","display_name":"Journal on Computing and Cultural Heritage","issn_l":"1556-4711","issn":["1556-4711","1556-4673"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal on Computing and Cultural Heritage","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:strathprints.strath.ac.uk:88886","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/view/author/21541.html>","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402226","display_name":"Strathprints: The University of Strathclyde institutional repository (University of Strathclyde)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","host_organization_name":"University of Strathclyde","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.800000011920929,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":108,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W22745672","https://openalex.org/W1532236978","https://openalex.org/W1644641054","https://openalex.org/W1869452751","https://openalex.org/W1982337720","https://openalex.org/W1987058898","https://openalex.org/W1992116297","https://openalex.org/W1994699846","https://openalex.org/W1995341919","https://openalex.org/W1996821255","https://openalex.org/W2001619934","https://openalex.org/W2022508996","https://openalex.org/W2046434485","https://openalex.org/W2052531283","https://openalex.org/W2057658876","https://openalex.org/W2067191022","https://openalex.org/W2085261163","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2099088762","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2127218421","https://openalex.org/W2131396337","https://openalex.org/W2150593711","https://openalex.org/W2164657326","https://openalex.org/W2169008480","https://openalex.org/W2211722331","https://openalex.org/W2323996036","https://openalex.org/W2464619766","https://openalex.org/W2556802233","https://openalex.org/W2562561690","https://openalex.org/W2591119809","https://openalex.org/W2603429625","https://openalex.org/W2617738695","https://openalex.org/W2738241867","https://openalex.org/W2748426913","https://openalex.org/W2749403791","https://openalex.org/W2749702122","https://openalex.org/W2751849977","https://openalex.org/W2758839365","https://openalex.org/W2769312834","https://openalex.org/W2773016914","https://openalex.org/W2775216572","https://openalex.org/W2795296794","https://openalex.org/W2796288287","https://openalex.org/W2798646852","https://openalex.org/W2798777114","https://openalex.org/W2799924016","https://openalex.org/W2850910281","https://openalex.org/W2889155579","https://openalex.org/W2890848214","https://openalex.org/W2900188711","https://openalex.org/W2903414915","https://openalex.org/W2911396280","https://openalex.org/W2936362563","https://openalex.org/W2949316032","https://openalex.org/W2962701877","https://openalex.org/W2962928871","https://openalex.org/W2963158438","https://openalex.org/W2963226018","https://openalex.org/W2963281829","https://openalex.org/W2963517242","https://openalex.org/W2963719584","https://openalex.org/W2963956866","https://openalex.org/W2964523010","https://openalex.org/W2970362039","https://openalex.org/W2970929638","https://openalex.org/W2976081675","https://openalex.org/W2979750740","https://openalex.org/W2980363254","https://openalex.org/W2981217273","https://openalex.org/W2995932445","https://openalex.org/W3003249314","https://openalex.org/W3008321763","https://openalex.org/W3011970623","https://openalex.org/W3014356722","https://openalex.org/W3024713298","https://openalex.org/W3049134058","https://openalex.org/W3049239917","https://openalex.org/W3083199274","https://openalex.org/W3083248912","https://openalex.org/W3105788483","https://openalex.org/W3107738790","https://openalex.org/W3174832912","https://openalex.org/W3197317251","https://openalex.org/W3198149517","https://openalex.org/W3202241213","https://openalex.org/W4210327135","https://openalex.org/W4214615384","https://openalex.org/W4214677867","https://openalex.org/W4243540752","https://openalex.org/W4248927948","https://openalex.org/W4254446689","https://openalex.org/W4254662950","https://openalex.org/W4281778877","https://openalex.org/W4283391562","https://openalex.org/W4283643436","https://openalex.org/W4283738040","https://openalex.org/W4287010183","https://openalex.org/W4292451836","https://openalex.org/W4313453374","https://openalex.org/W4321789561","https://openalex.org/W4379046661","https://openalex.org/W4382982794","https://openalex.org/W4388742962","https://openalex.org/W6682243771","https://openalex.org/W6754746735","https://openalex.org/W6888461901","https://openalex.org/W6965007280"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2731899572","https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W3215138031","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W3009238340","https://openalex.org/W4321369474","https://openalex.org/W4360585206","https://openalex.org/W4285208911","https://openalex.org/W3046775127","https://openalex.org/W3082895349"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Research":[0,151,187,235],"domain":[1],"and":[2,51,93,103,112,124,153,168,177,197,215,225,230,237,249,255,272,297],"Problem:":[3],"HBIM":[4,79,118,195,278],"modelling":[5,80],"from":[6,81],"point":[7,61,83,106,143,173,202,246],"cloud":[8,62,84,107,174,203,247],"data":[9,28,85,108],"has":[10,282],"become":[11],"a":[12,58,69,161,242],"crucial":[13],"research":[14],"topic":[15],"in":[16,126,148,209,257],"the":[17,26,31,34,54,82,114,122,127,149,192,198,210,222,258,268,291],"last":[18,211],"decade":[19],"since":[20],"it":[21],"is":[22,89,131,145],"potentially":[23],"considered":[24],"as":[25,44,68,134],"central":[27],"model":[29],"paving":[30],"way":[32],"for":[33,72,101,117,172,181,200,252,277],"digital":[35],"heritage":[36,87,183],"practice":[37,196,296],"beyond":[38],"digitization.":[39],"Reality":[40],"Capture":[41],"technologies":[42],"such":[43],"terrestrial":[45],"laser":[46],"scanning,":[47],"drone-mounted":[48],"LiDAR":[49],"sensors":[50],"photogrammetry":[52],"enable":[53],"reality":[55],"capture":[56],"with":[57,136],"sub-millimetre":[59],"accurate":[60],"file":[63,71],"that":[64],"can":[65],"be":[66],"used":[67],"reference":[70],"Heritage":[73,260],"Building":[74],"Information":[75],"Modelling":[76],"(HBIM).":[77],"However,":[78],"of":[86,105,142,165,194,228,245,287],"buildings":[88],"mainly":[90],"manual,":[91],"error-prone,":[92],"time-consuming.":[94],"Furthermore,":[95],"image":[96],"processing":[97],"techniques":[98],"are":[99],"insufficient":[100],"classification":[102,233],"segmentation":[104,141,204,248],"to":[109,121,159,293],"speed":[110],"up":[111],"enhance":[113],"current":[115,269],"workflow":[116],"modelling.":[119],"Due":[120],"challenges":[123,193,227],"bottlenecks":[125],"scan-to-HBIM":[128],"process,":[129],"which":[130,289],"commonly":[132],"criticized":[133],"complex":[135],"its":[137,250],"bespoke":[138],"requirements,":[139],"semantic":[140,201],"clouds":[144],"gaining":[146],"popularity":[147],"literature.":[150],"Aim":[152],"Methodology:":[154],"Therefore,":[155],"this":[156,219],"paper":[157,190,220,240],"aims":[158],"provide":[160],"thorough":[162],"critical":[163,263],"review":[164,244,281],"Machine":[166],"Learning":[167,170],"Deep":[169],"methods":[171,271],"segmentation,":[175],"classification,":[176],"BIM":[178],"geometry":[179],"automation":[180],"cultural":[182],"case":[184],"study":[185],"applications.":[186],"findings:":[188],"This":[189,239],"files":[191],"opportunities":[199],"found":[205],"across":[206],"academic":[207],"literature":[208],"decade.":[212],"Beyond":[213],"definitions":[214],"basic":[216],"occurrence":[217],"statistics,":[218],"discusses":[221],"success":[223],"rates":[224],"implementation":[226],"machine":[229],"deep":[231],"learning":[232],"methods.":[234],"value":[236],"contribution:":[238],"provides":[241,265],"holistic":[243],"potential":[251,292],"further":[253,298],"development":[254],"application":[256],"Cultural":[259],"sector.":[261],"The":[262,280],"analysis":[264],"insight":[266],"into":[267],"state-of-the-art":[270],"advises":[273],"on":[274],"their":[275],"suitability":[276],"projects.":[279],"identified":[283],"highly":[284],"original":[285],"threads":[286],"research,":[288],"hold":[290],"significantly":[294],"influence":[295],"applied":[299],"research.":[300]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}