{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404134065","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3649329.3657375","title":"A High-Throughput Private Inference Engine Based on 3D Stacked Memory","display_name":"A High-Throughput Private Inference Engine Based on 3D Stacked Memory","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-06-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404134065","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3649329.3657375"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3649329.3657375","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3649329.3657375","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 61st ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100750360","display_name":"Zhaohui Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6468-7575"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123185","display_name":"Zhejiang Lab","ror":"https://ror.org/02m2h7991","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123185"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45928872","display_name":"Alibaba Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00k642b80","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhaohui Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["DAMO Academy, Alibaba Group, Beijing, China","Hupan Lab, Hangzhou, China","Peking University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DAMO Academy, Alibaba Group, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hupan Lab, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123185"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064892269","display_name":"Ling Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8534-6494"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123185","display_name":"Zhejiang Lab","ror":"https://ror.org/02m2h7991","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123185"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45928872","display_name":"Alibaba Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00k642b80","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ling Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["DAMO Academy, Alibaba Group, Beijing, China","Hupan Lab, Hangzhou, China","Peking University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DAMO Academy, Alibaba Group, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hupan Lab, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123185"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100874779","display_name":"Qi Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45928872","display_name":"Alibaba Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00k642b80","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["DAMO Academy, Alibaba Group, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DAMO Academy, Alibaba Group, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069154749","display_name":"Zhirui Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6513-5453"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45928872","display_name":"Alibaba Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00k642b80","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhirui Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["DAMO Academy, Alibaba Group, Shanghai, China","Xiamen University, Xiamen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DAMO Academy, Alibaba Group, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xiamen University, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073626581","display_name":"Fahong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8613-5323"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45928872","display_name":"Alibaba Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00k642b80","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fahong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["DAMO Academy, Alibaba Group, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DAMO Academy, Alibaba Group, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100576340","display_name":"Yanheng Lu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123185","display_name":"Zhejiang Lab","ror":"https://ror.org/02m2h7991","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123185"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45928872","display_name":"Alibaba Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00k642b80","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanheng Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["DAMO Academy, Alibaba Group, Shanghai, China","Hupan Lab, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DAMO Academy, Alibaba Group, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hupan Lab, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123185"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103152639","display_name":"Zhen Gu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7067-492X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123185","display_name":"Zhejiang Lab","ror":"https://ror.org/02m2h7991","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123185"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45928872","display_name":"Alibaba Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00k642b80","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhen Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["DAMO Academy, Alibaba Group, Beijing, China","Hupan Lab, Hangzhou, China","Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DAMO Academy, Alibaba Group, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hupan Lab, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123185"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100750360"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570","https://openalex.org/I4210123185","https://openalex.org/I45928872"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0851,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89234122,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11614","display_name":"Cloud Data Security Solutions","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.7588175535202026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6683598160743713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.650044322013855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.3848514258861542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.24994125962257385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2430168092250824}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.7588175535202026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6683598160743713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.650044322013855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.3848514258861542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.24994125962257385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2430168092250824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3649329.3657375","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3649329.3657375","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 61st ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2031533839","https://openalex.org/W2061171222","https://openalex.org/W2955685807","https://openalex.org/W3159746013","https://openalex.org/W4205350912","https://openalex.org/W4205474236","https://openalex.org/W4386328210"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Fully":[0],"Homomorphic":[1],"Encryption":[2],"(FHE)":[3],"enables":[4],"unlimited":[5],"computation":[6,63],"depth,":[7],"allowing":[8],"privacy-enhanced":[9],"neural":[10],"network":[11],"inference":[12,37],"tasks":[13],"directly":[14],"on":[15,40],"the":[16,24,47,53,57,62,89,136],"ciphertext.":[17],"However,":[18],"existing":[19,120],"FHE":[20,33],"architectures":[21],"suffer":[22],"from":[23],"memory":[25,43,129],"access":[26],"bottleneck.":[27],"This":[28,125],"work":[29],"proposes":[30],"a":[31,68,77,81,104,131],"High-throughput":[32],"engine":[34],"for":[35],"private":[36],"(PI)":[38],"based":[39],"3D":[41,72,128],"stacked":[42],"(H3).":[44],"H3":[45,75,98],"adopts":[46],"software-hardware":[48],"co-design":[49],"that":[50,127],"dynamically":[51],"adjusts":[52],"polynomial":[54],"decomposition":[55],"during":[56],"PI":[58,116],"process":[59],"to":[60,88,134],"minimize":[61],"and":[64],"storage":[65],"overhead":[66],"at":[67],"fine":[69],"granularity.":[70],"With":[71],"hybrid":[73],"bonding,":[74],"integrates":[76],"logic":[78,106],"die":[79],"with":[80],"multi-layer":[82],"embedded":[83],"DRAM,":[84],"routing":[85],"data":[86],"efficiently":[87],"processing":[90],"unit":[91],"array":[92],"through":[93],"an":[94],"efficient":[95],"broadcast":[96],"mechanism.":[97],"consumes":[99],"192mm2":[100],"when":[101],"implemented":[102],"using":[103],"28nm":[105],"process.":[107],"It":[108],"achieves":[109],"1.36":[110],"million":[111],"LeNet-5":[112],"or":[113],"920":[114],"ResNet-20":[115],"per":[117],"minute,":[118],"surpassing":[119],"7nm":[121],"accelerators":[122],"by":[123],"52%.":[124],"demonstrates":[126],"is":[130],"promising":[132],"technology":[133],"promote":[135],"performance":[137],"of":[138],"FHE.":[139]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}