{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404133400","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3649329.3656526","title":"SmartATPG: Learning-based Automatic Test Pattern Generation with Graph Convolutional Network and Reinforcement Learning","display_name":"SmartATPG: Learning-based Automatic Test Pattern Generation with Graph Convolutional Network and Reinforcement Learning","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-06-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404133400","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3649329.3656526"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3649329.3656526","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3649329.3656526","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 61st ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008104297","display_name":"W. Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1204-5929"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wenxing Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114553988","display_name":"Hongqin Lyu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0348-9417"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongqin Lyu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018381533","display_name":"Shengwen Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8407-2594"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shengwen Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115598953","display_name":"Tiancheng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8419-8960"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tiancheng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100768288","display_name":"Huawei Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8082-4218"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huawei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008104297"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0638,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78220659,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11032","display_name":"VLSI and Analog Circuit Testing","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11032","display_name":"VLSI and Analog Circuit Testing","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12534","display_name":"Protein Degradation and Inhibitors","score":0.9866999983787537,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8091996908187866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.7461017966270447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.5142855048179626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5030991435050964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test","display_name":"Test (biology)","score":0.42952823638916016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3242502808570862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.1645439863204956}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8091996908187866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.7461017966270447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.5142855048179626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5030991435050964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.42952823638916016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3242502808570862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.1645439863204956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3649329.3656526","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3649329.3656526","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 61st ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W32403112","https://openalex.org/W1828527112","https://openalex.org/W1977294468","https://openalex.org/W2021492392","https://openalex.org/W2111994103","https://openalex.org/W2135931142","https://openalex.org/W2149107969","https://openalex.org/W2160444875","https://openalex.org/W2173124859","https://openalex.org/W2624431344","https://openalex.org/W2963224980","https://openalex.org/W3008231869","https://openalex.org/W3124695806","https://openalex.org/W3158327736","https://openalex.org/W3182943170","https://openalex.org/W4312956866","https://openalex.org/W4388198764","https://openalex.org/W6689723076","https://openalex.org/W6741002519","https://openalex.org/W6756303580"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W3046775127","https://openalex.org/W4394896187","https://openalex.org/W3170094116","https://openalex.org/W4386462264","https://openalex.org/W3107602296","https://openalex.org/W4364306694","https://openalex.org/W4312192474","https://openalex.org/W4283697347"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Automatic":[0],"test":[1,17,45,63,86],"pattern":[2],"generation":[3],"(ATPG)":[4],"is":[5,47,80],"a":[6,75],"critical":[7],"technology":[8],"in":[9,24],"integrated":[10],"circuit":[11,26,113],"testing.":[12],"It":[13],"searches":[14],"for":[15,44,62,84],"effective":[16],"vectors":[18,46,64],"to":[19,82,110],"detect":[20],"all":[21],"possible":[22],"faults":[23],"the":[25,40,50,53,60,68,89,94,100,119,131],"as":[27,29],"entirely":[28],"possible,":[30],"thereby":[31,98],"ensuring":[32],"chip":[33,37],"yield":[34],"and":[35,97,116,136],"improving":[36],"quality.":[38],"However,":[39],"process":[41],"of":[42,56,70,91,102],"searching":[43],"NP-complete.":[48],"At":[49],"same":[51],"time,":[52],"large":[54],"amount":[55],"backtracking":[57,92],"generated":[58],"during":[59,93],"search":[61,83,95,121],"can":[65],"directly":[66],"affect":[67],"performance":[69,101],"ATPG.":[71,103],"In":[72],"this":[73],"paper,":[74],"learning-based":[76],"ATPG":[77,120],"framework,":[78],"SmartATPG,":[79],"proposed":[81,132],"high-quality":[85],"vectors,":[87],"reduce":[88],"number":[90],"process,":[96],"improve":[99],"SmartATPG":[104,133],"utilizes":[105],"graph":[106],"convolutional":[107],"network":[108,139],"(GCN)":[109],"fully":[111],"extract":[112],"feature":[114],"information":[115],"efficiently":[117],"explore":[118],"space":[122],"through":[123],"reinforcement":[124],"learning":[125],"(RL).":[126],"Experimental":[127],"results":[128],"indicate":[129],"that":[130],"outperforms":[134],"traditional":[135],"artificial":[137],"neural":[138],"(ANN)-based":[140],"heuristic":[141],"strategies":[142],"on":[143],"most":[144],"benchmark":[145],"circuits.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-12-27T23:08:20.325037","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}