{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404133641","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3649329.3656213","title":"Whisper: Timing the Transient Execution to Leak Secrets and Break KASLR","display_name":"Whisper: Timing the Transient Execution to Leak Secrets and Break KASLR","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-06-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404133641","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3649329.3656213"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3649329.3656213","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3649329.3656213","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 61st ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100417330","display_name":"Yu Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2179-5634"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139618","display_name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Trustworthy Computing","ror":"https://ror.org/030qbr085","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210139618"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Trustworthy Distributed Computing and Service (BUPT), Ministry of Education, Beijing, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2179-5634","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Trustworthy Distributed Computing and Service (BUPT), Ministry of Education, Beijing, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139618"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032530802","display_name":"Chunlu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8647-7656"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139618","display_name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Trustworthy Computing","ror":"https://ror.org/030qbr085","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210139618"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunlu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Trustworthy Distributed Computing and Service (BUPT), Ministry of Education, Beijing, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8647-7656","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Trustworthy Distributed Computing and Service (BUPT), Ministry of Education, Beijing, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139618"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003865038","display_name":"Pengfei Qiu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4043-2119"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pengfei Qiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Trustworthy Distributed Computing and Service (BUPT), Ministry of Education &amp; Zhongguancun Laboratory, Beijing, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4043-2119","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Trustworthy Distributed Computing and Service (BUPT), Ministry of Education &amp; Zhongguancun Laboratory, Beijing, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102749847","display_name":"Chang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1834-4958"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University, Beijing, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1834-4958","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, Beijing, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113632287","display_name":"Yihao Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1858-6177"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139618","display_name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Trustworthy Computing","ror":"https://ror.org/030qbr085","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210139618"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yihao Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Trustworthy Distributed Computing and Service (BUPT), Ministry of Education, Beijing, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1858-6177","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Trustworthy Distributed Computing and Service (BUPT), Ministry of Education, Beijing, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139618"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Hongpei Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3657-6443"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongpei Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University, Beijing, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3657-6443","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, Beijing, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058507537","display_name":"Yongqiang Lyu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2573-963X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongqiang Lyu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University, Beijing, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2573-963X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, Beijing, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100673949","display_name":"Xiaoyong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5597-9306"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139618","display_name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Trustworthy Computing","ror":"https://ror.org/030qbr085","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210139618"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Trustworthy Distributed Computing and Service (BUPT), Ministry of Education, Beijing, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5597-9306","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Trustworthy Distributed Computing and Service (BUPT), Ministry of Education, Beijing, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139618"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012474783","display_name":"Gang Qu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6759-8949"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gang Qu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6759-8949","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100450575","display_name":"Dongsheng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5779-9026"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongsheng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University &amp; Zhongguancun Laboratory, Beijing, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5779-9026","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University &amp; Zhongguancun Laboratory, Beijing, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transient","display_name":"Transient (computer programming)","score":0.7353123426437378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6921455264091492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leak","display_name":"Leak","score":0.6570894718170166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transient-analysis","display_name":"Transient analysis","score":0.520592451095581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.265298068523407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12829604744911194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transient-response","display_name":"Transient response","score":0.08589142560958862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.07863315939903259}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780799671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17087362","display_name":"Transient (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.7353123426437378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6921455264091492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349983","display_name":"Leak","level":2,"score":0.6570894718170166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989121073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1309019","display_name":"Transient analysis","level":3,"score":0.520592451095581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.265298068523407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12829604744911194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85761212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1974593","display_name":"Transient response","level":2,"score":0.08589142560958862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.07863315939903259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3649329.3656213","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3649329.3656213","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 61st ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6491054719","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2072263","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6875635542","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023YFB4403000","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8380700622","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023RC7","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964281299","https://openalex.org/W2162800072","https://openalex.org/W2607387620","https://openalex.org/W2664885055","https://openalex.org/W2884163605","https://openalex.org/W2903035991","https://openalex.org/W2903910116","https://openalex.org/W2965115498","https://openalex.org/W3048784143","https://openalex.org/W3165348418","https://openalex.org/W4232120412","https://openalex.org/W4233119454","https://openalex.org/W4288086178","https://openalex.org/W4308643153","https://openalex.org/W4386763963","https://openalex.org/W4387993764"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2758798772","https://openalex.org/W2081338125","https://openalex.org/W4239924455","https://openalex.org/W2001630809","https://openalex.org/W4244925124","https://openalex.org/W2377879397","https://openalex.org/W1577327694","https://openalex.org/W2887517211","https://openalex.org/W1909312109","https://openalex.org/W1977560553"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,124],"vulnerabilities":[1],"of":[2,32,42,75,117,127],"transient":[3,18,33],"execution":[4,19,29,34,99],"have":[5],"been":[6],"exploited":[7],"in":[8],"many":[9],"side-channel":[10],"attacks":[11,80,119],"(SCA).":[12],"We":[13,38,58,111],"report":[14],"Whisper,":[15],"a":[16],"novel":[17],"timing":[20,109],"(TET)":[21],"side":[22,95],"channel,":[23],"which":[24],"is":[25,129,145],"based":[26],"on":[27,98,120,135],"the":[28,64,73,88,93,113],"time":[30,100],"difference":[31],"under":[35,72],"different":[36],"conditions.":[37],"develop":[39],"TET":[40,94],"version":[41],"SCAs":[43],"including":[44],"Meltdown,":[45],"Zombieload,":[46],"and":[47,77,85,115,140],"Spectre-RSB":[48],"that":[49,101],"use":[50],"Whisper":[51,128,144],"as":[52],"covert":[53],"channel":[54,96],"to":[55,62,83],"leak":[56],"information.":[57],"further":[59],"propose":[60],"TET-KASLR":[61],"break":[63],"kernel":[65],"address":[66],"space":[67],"layout":[68],"randomization":[69],"(KASLR)":[70],"mechanism":[71],"protection":[74],"KPTI":[76],"FLARE.":[78],"These":[79],"are":[81],"simple":[82],"implement":[84],"can":[86,102],"bypass":[87],"existing":[89],"mitigation":[90],"methods":[91],"because":[92],"relies":[97],"be":[103],"conveniently":[104],"obtained":[105],"by":[106],"architectural":[107],"level":[108],"analysis.":[110],"demonstrate":[112],"correctness":[114],"effectiveness":[116],"these":[118],"various":[121],"x86-64":[122],"CPUs.":[123],"root":[125],"cause":[126],"analyzed":[130],"with":[131],"our":[132],"toolset":[133],"built":[134],"performance":[136],"monitor":[137],"unit":[138],"(PMU)":[139],"potential":[141],"defense":[142],"against":[143],"also":[146],"discussed.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
