{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400267611","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3649217.3653612","title":"Open Source Language Models Can Provide Feedback: Evaluating LLMs' Ability to Help Students Using GPT-4-As-A-Judge","display_name":"Open Source Language Models Can Provide Feedback: Evaluating LLMs' Ability to Help Students Using GPT-4-As-A-Judge","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-07-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400267611","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3649217.3653612"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3649217.3653612","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3649217.3653612","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2024 on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education V. 1","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3649217.3653612","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011660743","display_name":"Charles Koutcheme","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2272-2763"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Charles Koutcheme","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aalto University, Espoo, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aalto University, Espoo, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5097357942","display_name":"Nicola Dainese","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9806-419X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicola Dainese","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aalto University, Espoo, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aalto University, Espoo, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064114707","display_name":"Sami Sarsa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7277-9282"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94722563","display_name":"University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4","ror":"https://ror.org/05n3dz165","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94722563"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sami Sarsa","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 & Aalto University, Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 & Aalto University, Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94722563","https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076828114","display_name":"Arto Hellas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6502-209X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arto Hellas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aalto University, Espoo, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aalto University, Espoo, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041367899","display_name":"Juho Leinonen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6829-9449"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juho Leinonen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aalto University, Espoo, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aalto University, Espoo, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032890999","display_name":"Paul Denny","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5150-9806"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154130895","display_name":"University of Auckland","ror":"https://ror.org/03b94tp07","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Denny","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011660743"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.7277,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":37,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98899775,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"52","last_page":"58"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12171","display_name":"Open Education and E-Learning","score":0.8952000141143799,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12171","display_name":"Open Education and E-Learning","score":0.8952000141143799,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13523","display_name":"Mathematics, Computing, and Information Processing","score":0.8428000211715698,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11986","display_name":"Scientific Computing and Data Management","score":0.8216999769210815,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5952614545822144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-source","display_name":"Open source","score":0.5939324498176575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.2439882755279541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.11015018820762634}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5952614545822144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018397939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3644502","display_name":"Open source","level":3,"score":0.5939324498176575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.2439882755279541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.11015018820762634}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3649217.3653612","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3649217.3653612","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2024 on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education V. 1","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:jyx.jyu.fi:123456789/96533","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202408075409","pdf_url":"https://jyx.jyu.fi/bitstreams/1d0d9395-1ec1-4f23-9df3-1cb0e5047730/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400563","display_name":"Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 University Digital Archive (University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I94722563","host_organization_name":"University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94722563"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"A4"},{"id":"pmh:oai:aaltodoc.aalto.fi:123456789/130471","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.aalto.fi/en/publications/f94ee7f5-81ef-4e62-9f7b-e9175e8dfe74","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401662","display_name":"Aaltodoc (Aalto University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","host_organization_name":"Aalto University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3649217.3653612","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3649217.3653612","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2024 on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education V. 1","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.6399999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1972087783","https://openalex.org/W2465021265","https://openalex.org/W2887900586","https://openalex.org/W2894540915","https://openalex.org/W2963666583","https://openalex.org/W2979826702","https://openalex.org/W3196708219","https://openalex.org/W4308834125","https://openalex.org/W4321162272","https://openalex.org/W4323033692","https://openalex.org/W4323037544","https://openalex.org/W4380353816","https://openalex.org/W4381587445","https://openalex.org/W4382654255","https://openalex.org/W4386266388","https://openalex.org/W4387793519","https://openalex.org/W4390315357","https://openalex.org/W4390985631","https://openalex.org/W4392484243","https://openalex.org/W4392564669"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W4395014643"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Large":[0],"language":[1],"models":[2,62,122,202],"(LLMs)":[3],"have":[4,23],"shown":[5],"great":[6],"potential":[7,173],"for":[8,215],"the":[9,27,45,54,57,99,112,115,134,181,196],"automatic":[10],"generation":[11],"of":[12,18,32,47,56,111,114,136,149,183],"feedback":[13,58,77,116,163,176,184],"in":[14,44,51,219],"a":[15,69,124,150,158,175],"wide":[16],"range":[17],"computing":[19],"contexts.":[20],"However,":[21],"concerns":[22],"been":[24],"voiced":[25],"around":[26],"privacy":[28],"and":[29],"ethical":[30],"implications":[31],"sending":[33],"student":[34,82],"work":[35,87],"to":[36,81,97,194],"proprietary":[37,208],"models.":[38],"This":[39,67],"has":[40,89],"sparked":[41],"considerable":[42],"interest":[43],"use":[46,218],"open":[48,61,120],"source":[49,121],"LLMs":[50,190],"education,":[52],"but":[53],"quality":[55,113,182],"that":[59,88,155,200],"such":[60,94,210],"can":[63],"produce":[64],"remains":[65],"understudied.":[66],"is":[68],"concern":[70],"as":[71,95,139,174,211],"providing":[72],"flawed":[73],"or":[74],"misleading":[75],"generated":[76,185],"could":[78],"be":[79],"detrimental":[80],"learning.":[83],"Inspired":[84],"by":[85,102,118,143,186,191],"recent":[86],"utilised":[90],"very":[91],"powerful":[92,104],"LLMs,":[93,209],"GPT-4,":[96],"evaluate":[98,195],"outputs":[100],"produced":[101,117],"less":[103],"models,":[105],"we":[106,132,179],"conduct":[107],"an":[108,127,140],"automated":[109,141],"analysis":[110],"several":[119,187],"using":[123,192],"dataset":[125],"from":[126],"introductory":[128],"programming":[129],"course.":[130],"First,":[131],"investigate":[133],"viability":[135],"employing":[137],"GPT-4":[138,156,193],"evaluator":[142],"comparing":[144],"its":[145,172],"evaluations":[146],"with":[147,168,206],"those":[148],"human":[151,169],"expert.":[152],"We":[153,198],"observe":[154],"demonstrates":[157],"bias":[159],"toward":[160],"positively":[161],"rating":[162],"while":[164],"exhibiting":[165],"moderate":[166],"agreement":[167],"raters,":[170],"showcasing":[171],"evaluator.":[177],"Second,":[178],"explore":[180],"leading":[188],"open-source":[189],"feedback.":[197],"find":[199],"some":[201],"offer":[203],"competitive":[204],"performance":[205],"popular":[207],"ChatGPT,":[212],"indicating":[213],"opportunities":[214],"their":[216],"responsible":[217],"educational":[220],"settings.":[221]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-14T08:04:32.555800","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}