{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392472094","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3648608","title":"Resilient Machine Learning: Advancement, Barriers, and Opportunities in the Nuclear Industry","display_name":"Resilient Machine Learning: Advancement, Barriers, and Opportunities in the Nuclear Industry","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-03-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392472094","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3648608"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3648608","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3648608","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3648608","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157921468","display_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","issn_l":"0360-0300","issn":["0360-0300","1557-7341"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3648608","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072774669","display_name":"Anita Khadka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2361-2977"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39555362","display_name":"University of Warwick","ror":"https://ror.org/01a77tt86","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anita Khadka","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Warwick, Coventry, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2361-2977","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Warwick, Coventry, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070382610","display_name":"Saurav Sthapit","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7421-0479"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I73417466","display_name":"Coventry University","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgmhj36","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I73417466"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saurav Sthapit","raw_affiliation_strings":["Coventry University, Coventry, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7421-0479","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Coventry University, Coventry, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I73417466"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043277300","display_name":"Gregory Epiphaniou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1054-6368"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39555362","display_name":"University of Warwick","ror":"https://ror.org/01a77tt86","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gregory Epiphaniou","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Warwick, Coventry, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1054-6368","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Warwick, Coventry, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080175512","display_name":"Carsten Maple","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4715-212X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39555362","display_name":"University of Warwick","ror":"https://ror.org/01a77tt86","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carsten Maple","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Warwick, Coventry, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4715-212X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Warwick, Coventry, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2297,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81100791,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"56","issue":"9","first_page":"1","last_page":"29"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11357","display_name":"Risk and Safety Analysis","score":0.9749000072479248,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9731000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7962143421173096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-industry","display_name":"Nuclear industry","score":0.4174301028251648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3820491433143616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.36069023609161377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-management","display_name":"Engineering management","score":0.35886436700820923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.13787239789962769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-engineering","display_name":"Nuclear engineering","score":0.12541097402572632}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7962143421173096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988428720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12739","display_name":"Nuclear industry","level":2,"score":0.4174301028251648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3820491433143616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.36069023609161377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110354214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6314146","display_name":"Engineering management","level":1,"score":0.35886436700820923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.13787239789962769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116915560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83504","display_name":"Nuclear engineering","level":1,"score":0.12541097402572632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3648608","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3648608","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3648608","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157921468","display_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","issn_l":"0360-0300","issn":["0360-0300","1557-7341"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire/14d94453-ba60-4f59-8500-fc4fac28737b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pureportal.coventry.ac.uk/en/publications/14d94453-ba60-4f59-8500-fc4fac28737b","pdf_url":"https://pure.coventry.ac.uk/ws/files/94394434/Sthapit2024VoR.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402411","display_name":"Pure (Coventry University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I73417466","host_organization_name":"Coventry University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I73417466"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Khadka, A, Sthapit, S, Epiphaniou, G & Maple, C 2024, 'Resilient Machine Learning : Advancement, Barriers, and Opportunities in the Nuclear Industry', ACM Computing Surveys, vol. 56, no. 9, 224. https://doi.org/10.1145/3648608","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:wrap.warwick.ac.uk:184041","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":"https://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/184041/1/WRAP-resilient-machine-learning-advancement-barriers-opportunities-nuclear-industry-2024.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400665","display_name":"Warwick Research Archive Portal (University of Warwick)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I39555362","host_organization_name":"University of Warwick","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3648608","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3648608","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3648608","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157921468","display_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","issn_l":"0360-0300","issn":["0360-0300","1557-7341"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6399999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2898516364","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/R026084","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6465377262","display_name":"Robotics and Artificial Intelligence for Nuclear (RAIN)","funder_award_id":"EP/R026084/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7282611729","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/R007195/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392472094.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392472094.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":149,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W62022591","https://openalex.org/W260666015","https://openalex.org/W294388189","https://openalex.org/W1601795611","https://openalex.org/W1672580646","https://openalex.org/W1811908821","https://openalex.org/W1883420340","https://openalex.org/W1902424212","https://openalex.org/W1965926928","https://openalex.org/W1981570541","https://openalex.org/W1981619512","https://openalex.org/W1986029567","https://openalex.org/W1995754647","https://openalex.org/W1999645011","https://openalex.org/W2000585920","https://openalex.org/W2003627373","https://openalex.org/W2005246048","https://openalex.org/W2008365605","https://openalex.org/W2009579210","https://openalex.org/W2016165345","https://openalex.org/W2016540186","https://openalex.org/W2027797019","https://openalex.org/W2029146575","https://openalex.org/W2038851771","https://openalex.org/W2040079508","https://openalex.org/W2044406766","https://openalex.org/W2047506331","https://openalex.org/W2047830326","https://openalex.org/W2050377480","https://openalex.org/W2053490174","https://openalex.org/W2058341414","https://openalex.org/W2062721728","https://openalex.org/W2074284053","https://openalex.org/W2085093997","https://openalex.org/W2085668611","https://openalex.org/W2086625186","https://openalex.org/W2087918881","https://openalex.org/W2092711521","https://openalex.org/W2093300917","https://openalex.org/W2093980699","https://openalex.org/W2097483949","https://openalex.org/W2107053034","https://openalex.org/W2107456699","https://openalex.org/W2110870704","https://openalex.org/W2127311304","https://openalex.org/W2140431733","https://openalex.org/W2142203809","https://openalex.org/W2147181921","https://openalex.org/W2149713648","https://openalex.org/W2151130686","https://openalex.org/W2180612164","https://openalex.org/W2231647473","https://openalex.org/W2243397390","https://openalex.org/W2245869277","https://openalex.org/W2275058515","https://openalex.org/W2285004299","https://openalex.org/W2293768274","https://openalex.org/W2299301113","https://openalex.org/W2405589048","https://openalex.org/W2408141691","https://openalex.org/W2525186327","https://openalex.org/W2528491735","https://openalex.org/W2532904616","https://openalex.org/W2543927648","https://openalex.org/W2556046789","https://openalex.org/W2560598706","https://openalex.org/W2583418396","https://openalex.org/W2588180165","https://openalex.org/W2603766943","https://openalex.org/W2607219512","https://openalex.org/W2622948101","https://openalex.org/W2747329762","https://openalex.org/W2751670713","https://openalex.org/W2765854388","https://openalex.org/W2768346313","https://openalex.org/W2768899812","https://openalex.org/W2771706980","https://openalex.org/W2773981562","https://openalex.org/W2774644650","https://openalex.org/W2797844224","https://openalex.org/W2803157642","https://openalex.org/W2809765667","https://openalex.org/W2844602024","https://openalex.org/W2877193671","https://openalex.org/W2883598426","https://openalex.org/W2893554781","https://openalex.org/W2896143442","https://openalex.org/W2901106616","https://openalex.org/W2902635885","https://openalex.org/W2903688971","https://openalex.org/W2908400012","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2928838527","https://openalex.org/W2949224419","https://openalex.org/W2957383338","https://openalex.org/W2962700793","https://openalex.org/W2963184668","https://openalex.org/W2963341057","https://openalex.org/W2964082701","https://openalex.org/W2967917387","https://openalex.org/W2980198061","https://openalex.org/W2982255332","https://openalex.org/W2996332000","https://openalex.org/W2997532515","https://openalex.org/W3017684505","https://openalex.org/W3027647801","https://openalex.org/W3041614295","https://openalex.org/W3041788585","https://openalex.org/W3047918252","https://openalex.org/W3083436577","https://openalex.org/W3084180028","https://openalex.org/W3086848677","https://openalex.org/W3097615084","https://openalex.org/W3102720581","https://openalex.org/W3112733201","https://openalex.org/W3117861851","https://openalex.org/W3127677545","https://openalex.org/W3130356690","https://openalex.org/W3134178186","https://openalex.org/W3161181328","https://openalex.org/W3197328000","https://openalex.org/W3197478306","https://openalex.org/W3199656112","https://openalex.org/W3200319982","https://openalex.org/W3204321626","https://openalex.org/W3205824238","https://openalex.org/W3206272232","https://openalex.org/W4205095785","https://openalex.org/W4214536719","https://openalex.org/W4214548230","https://openalex.org/W4224076681","https://openalex.org/W4249083044","https://openalex.org/W4295895336","https://openalex.org/W4296311396","https://openalex.org/W4297309777","https://openalex.org/W4297779775","https://openalex.org/W4301880089","https://openalex.org/W4307592886","https://openalex.org/W4309010352","https://openalex.org/W4312463090","https://openalex.org/W4312580084","https://openalex.org/W4313316214","https://openalex.org/W4313405561","https://openalex.org/W4319863488","https://openalex.org/W4321502771","https://openalex.org/W4376640496","https://openalex.org/W4377137173","https://openalex.org/W4394644156","https://openalex.org/W6755038706"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W4395014643"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,22],"widespread":[1],"adoption":[2,96],"and":[3,17,30,39,45,71,82,110],"success":[4],"of":[5,14,51,67,97],"Machine":[6,118],"Learning":[7,119],"(ML)":[8],"technologies":[9],"depend":[10],"on":[11,26,115,124],"thorough":[12],"testing":[13,23],"the":[15,28,31,49,55,86,92,95,107,113,125],"resilience":[16],"robustness":[18],"to":[19,36,42],"adversarial":[20],"attacks.":[21],"should":[24],"focus":[25],"both":[27,68],"model":[29],"data.":[32],"It":[33],"is":[34],"necessary":[35],"build":[37],"robust":[38],"resilient":[40],"systems":[41,121],"withstand":[43],"disruptions":[44],"remain":[46],"functional":[47],"despite":[48],"action":[50],"adversaries,":[52],"specifically":[53],"in":[54,65,85,94],"security-sensitive":[56],"Nuclear":[57],"Industry":[58],"(NI),":[59],"where":[60,103],"consequences":[61],"can":[62,105],"be":[63],"fatal":[64],"terms":[66],"human":[69],"lives":[70],"assets.":[72],"We":[73,89],"analyse":[74],"ML-based":[75],"research":[76],"works":[77],"that":[78],"have":[79],"investigated":[80],"adversaries":[81,104],"defence":[83],"strategies":[84],"NI":[87,126],".":[88],"then":[90],"present":[91],"progress":[93,114],"ML":[98],"techniques,":[99],"identify":[100,112],"use":[101],"cases":[102],"threaten":[106],"ML-enabled":[108],"systems,":[109],"finally":[111],"building":[116],"Resilient":[117],"(rML)":[120],"entirely":[122],"focusing":[123],"domain.":[127]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
