{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402816481","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3648607","title":"A Brief History of Blockchain Interoperability","display_name":"A Brief History of Blockchain Interoperability","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-09-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402816481","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3648607"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3648607","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3648607","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103482838","display_name":"Communications of the ACM","issn_l":"0001-0782","issn":["0001-0782","1557-7317"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications of the ACM","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025043931","display_name":"Rafael Belchior","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4630-0688"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121345201","display_name":"Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Desenvolvimento","ror":"https://ror.org/04mqy3p58","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121345201","https://openalex.org/I4210125590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121988","display_name":"Film Independent","ror":"https://ror.org/036cy3843","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210121988"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387152517","display_name":"Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico","ror":"https://ror.org/03db2by73","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141596103","https://openalex.org/I4387152517"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["PT","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rafael Belchior","raw_affiliation_strings":["Blockdaemon, Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal","INESC-ID and Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal","Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT Media Lab, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States","director of Connection Science & Engineering at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","is an independent researcher, Los Angeles, USA","senior engineer at Blockdaemon, Lisbon, Portugal. Jan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Blockdaemon, Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"INESC-ID and Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121345201","https://openalex.org/I4387152517"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT Media Lab, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"director of Connection Science & Engineering at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"is an independent researcher, Los Angeles, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210121988"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"senior engineer at Blockdaemon, Lisbon, Portugal. Jan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092183305","display_name":"Jan S\u00fc\u00dfenguth","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan S\u00fc\u00dfenguth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Blockdaemon, Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Blockdaemon, Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087506605","display_name":"Qi Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6927-7855"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Blockdaemon, Los Angeles, California, United States","director of Connection Science & Engineering at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","INESC-ID and","senior engineer at Blockdaemon, Lisbon, Portugal. Jan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Blockdaemon, Los Angeles, California, United States","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"director of Connection Science & Engineering at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"INESC-ID and","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"senior engineer at Blockdaemon, Lisbon, Portugal. Jan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050529378","display_name":"Thomas Hardjono","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7396-7640"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121988","display_name":"Film Independent","ror":"https://ror.org/036cy3843","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210121988"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Hardjono","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States","senior engineer at Blockdaemon, Lisbon, Portugal. Jan","is an independent researcher, Los Angeles, USA","director of Connection Science & Engineering at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","INESC-ID and"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"senior engineer at Blockdaemon, Lisbon, Portugal. Jan","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"is an independent researcher, Los Angeles, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210121988"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"director of Connection Science & Engineering at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"INESC-ID and","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013539695","display_name":"Andr\u00e9 Vasconcelos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0038-7199"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121345201","display_name":"Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Desenvolvimento","ror":"https://ror.org/04mqy3p58","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121345201","https://openalex.org/I4210125590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121988","display_name":"Film Independent","ror":"https://ror.org/036cy3843","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210121988"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387152517","display_name":"Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico","ror":"https://ror.org/03db2by73","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141596103","https://openalex.org/I4387152517"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["PT","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andr\u00e9 Vasconcelos","raw_affiliation_strings":["INESC-ID and Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal","senior engineer at Blockdaemon, Lisbon, Portugal. Jan","director of Connection Science & Engineering at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","is an independent researcher, Los Angeles, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INESC-ID and Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121345201","https://openalex.org/I4387152517"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"senior engineer at Blockdaemon, Lisbon, Portugal. Jan","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"director of Connection Science & Engineering at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"is an independent researcher, Los Angeles, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210121988"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016455665","display_name":"Miguel Correia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7873-5531"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121345201","display_name":"Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Desenvolvimento","ror":"https://ror.org/04mqy3p58","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121345201","https://openalex.org/I4210125590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121988","display_name":"Film Independent","ror":"https://ror.org/036cy3843","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210121988"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387152517","display_name":"Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico","ror":"https://ror.org/03db2by73","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141596103","https://openalex.org/I4387152517"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["PT","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miguel Correia","raw_affiliation_strings":["INESC-ID and Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal","is an independent researcher, Los Angeles, USA","director of Connection Science & Engineering at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","senior engineer at Blockdaemon, Lisbon, Portugal. Jan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INESC-ID and Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121345201","https://openalex.org/I4387152517"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"is an independent researcher, Los Angeles, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210121988"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"director of Connection Science & Engineering at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"senior engineer at Blockdaemon, Lisbon, Portugal. Jan","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":15.2889,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98903601,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"67","issue":"10","first_page":"62","last_page":"69"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9138000011444092,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.9393378496170044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interoperability","display_name":"Interoperability","score":0.7341748476028442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.618878960609436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.29612842202186584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.22694402933120728}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.9393378496170044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20136886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749647","display_name":"Interoperability","level":2,"score":0.7341748476028442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.618878960609436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.29612842202186584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.22694402933120728}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3648607","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3648607","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103482838","display_name":"Communications of the ACM","issn_l":"0001-0782","issn":["0001-0782","1557-7317"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications of the ACM","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2441341484","display_name":"Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores, Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Desenvolvimento em Lisboa","funder_award_id":"UIDB/50021/2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5317956557","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6189593426","display_name":"Enhancing the research and innovation potential of Tecnico through Blockchain technologies and design Innovation for social Good","funder_award_id":"952226","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328274","display_name":"Fulbright Portugal","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","ror":"https://ror.org/00snfqn58"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W851575271","https://openalex.org/W2117560097","https://openalex.org/W2144232511","https://openalex.org/W2952173023","https://openalex.org/W2962718239","https://openalex.org/W2982212956","https://openalex.org/W3010197963","https://openalex.org/W3023266124","https://openalex.org/W3031066431","https://openalex.org/W3048197255","https://openalex.org/W3202887189","https://openalex.org/W3210337896","https://openalex.org/W4200323998","https://openalex.org/W4226518298","https://openalex.org/W4245916969","https://openalex.org/W4281768060","https://openalex.org/W4300127641","https://openalex.org/W4307267015","https://openalex.org/W4308413541","https://openalex.org/W4313892677","https://openalex.org/W4367396531","https://openalex.org/W4380875192","https://openalex.org/W4385688888","https://openalex.org/W4389135849","https://openalex.org/W4390096630","https://openalex.org/W4390690849","https://openalex.org/W4399286864"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4210406818","https://openalex.org/W4306779889","https://openalex.org/W3211706803","https://openalex.org/W4382775358","https://openalex.org/W4246942721","https://openalex.org/W3209862047","https://openalex.org/W4386732777","https://openalex.org/W4304136894"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"deep":[1],"dive":[2],"into":[3],"blockchain":[4],"interoperability:":[5],"why":[6],"it":[7,20],"is":[8,21],"needed,":[9],"progress":[10],"that":[11],"has":[12],"been":[13],"made":[14],"over":[15],"the":[16],"past":[17],"decade,":[18],"how":[19],"currently":[22],"deployed":[23],"and":[24,26],"used,":[25],"likely":[27],"paths":[28],"of":[29],"future":[30],"development.":[31]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-27T08:26:11.824852","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
