{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403981167","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3646547.3689012","title":"Ten Years of ZMap","display_name":"Ten Years of ZMap","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403981167","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3646547.3689012"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3646547.3689012","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3646547.3689012","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2024 ACM on Internet Measurement Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069939742","display_name":"Zakir Durumeric","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9647-4192"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zakir Durumeric","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9647-4192","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114487446","display_name":"David Adrian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2187-2372"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802723755","display_name":"Independent Sector","ror":"https://ror.org/05vhwqa91","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802723755"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Adrian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Independent, Washington D.C., USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2187-2372","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Independent, Washington D.C., USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802723755"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5099513075","display_name":"Phillip Stephens","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Phillip Stephens","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1650-983X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020083939","display_name":"Eric Wustrow","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4679-8834"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric Wustrow","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4679-8834","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065822688","display_name":"J. Alex Halderman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9116-5390"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Alex Halderman","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9116-5390","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.1973,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96481001,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"139","last_page":"148"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.47017592191696167}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.47017592191696167}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3646547.3689012","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3646547.3689012","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2024 ACM on Internet Measurement Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:deepblue.lib.umich.edu:2027.42/198638","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/198638","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400393","display_name":"Deep Blue (University of Michigan)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","host_organization_name":"University of Michigan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":76,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W108218230","https://openalex.org/W125869453","https://openalex.org/W177815939","https://openalex.org/W326302118","https://openalex.org/W337732719","https://openalex.org/W1785212895","https://openalex.org/W1976919795","https://openalex.org/W2001637908","https://openalex.org/W2013901835","https://openalex.org/W2019016802","https://openalex.org/W2027549176","https://openalex.org/W2042923641","https://openalex.org/W2056921407","https://openalex.org/W2070112613","https://openalex.org/W2094408325","https://openalex.org/W2104899073","https://openalex.org/W2112736324","https://openalex.org/W2121302877","https://openalex.org/W2132948040","https://openalex.org/W2144489971","https://openalex.org/W2350778671","https://openalex.org/W2528061934","https://openalex.org/W2530522083","https://openalex.org/W2535407856","https://openalex.org/W2537184690","https://openalex.org/W2550748725","https://openalex.org/W2552873532","https://openalex.org/W2553715921","https://openalex.org/W2554129713","https://openalex.org/W2624361838","https://openalex.org/W2706122055","https://openalex.org/W2766251443","https://openalex.org/W2769411931","https://openalex.org/W2770530006","https://openalex.org/W2770908045","https://openalex.org/W2774698839","https://openalex.org/W2782928138","https://openalex.org/W2793909627","https://openalex.org/W2890992331","https://openalex.org/W2902629989","https://openalex.org/W2909956961","https://openalex.org/W2913770937","https://openalex.org/W2950467987","https://openalex.org/W2981223859","https://openalex.org/W3006897124","https://openalex.org/W3008262913","https://openalex.org/W3008748509","https://openalex.org/W3091169353","https://openalex.org/W3093603548","https://openalex.org/W3097992808","https://openalex.org/W3099834037","https://openalex.org/W3136956311","https://openalex.org/W3187211683","https://openalex.org/W3189299055","https://openalex.org/W3200206671","https://openalex.org/W3210970122","https://openalex.org/W4232488826","https://openalex.org/W4252506956","https://openalex.org/W4255817895","https://openalex.org/W4281400126","https://openalex.org/W4283645148","https://openalex.org/W4288072856","https://openalex.org/W4288079454","https://openalex.org/W4290973756","https://openalex.org/W4307020326","https://openalex.org/W4307020333","https://openalex.org/W4307020407","https://openalex.org/W4324009397","https://openalex.org/W4385302151","https://openalex.org/W4387075239","https://openalex.org/W4387873786","https://openalex.org/W4387994957","https://openalex.org/W4389109216","https://openalex.org/W4392964084","https://openalex.org/W4403980999","https://openalex.org/W6736406240"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Since":[0],"ZMap's":[1,50,78],"debut":[2],"in":[3],"2013,":[4],"networking":[5],"and":[6,41,97,102],"security":[7,32,40],"researchers":[8],"have":[9,64],"used":[10],"the":[11,31,45,71,81,92],"open-source":[12],"scanner":[13],"to":[14,34,57,69],"write":[15],"hundreds":[16],"of":[17,38,49],"research":[18],"papers":[19],"that":[20,94],"study":[21],"Internet":[22],"behavior.":[23],"In":[24,73],"addition,":[25],"ZMap":[26,104],"has":[27],"been":[28],"adopted":[29],"by":[30],"industry":[33],"build":[35],"new":[36],"classes":[37],"enterprise":[39],"compliance":[42],"products.":[43],"Over":[44],"past":[46],"decade,":[47],"much":[48],"behavior---ranging":[51],"from":[52,100],"its":[53,58,85,88],"pseudorandom":[54],"IP":[55],"generation":[56],"packet":[59],"construction---has":[60],"evolved":[61],"as":[62],"we":[63,76],"learned":[65],"more":[66],"about":[67],"how":[68],"scan":[70],"Internet.":[72],"this":[74],"work,":[75],"quantify":[77],"adoption":[79],"over":[80],"ten":[82],"years":[83],"since":[84],"release,":[86],"describe":[87],"modern":[89],"behavior":[90],"(and":[91],"measurements":[93],"motivated":[95],"changes),":[96],"offer":[98],"lessons":[99],"releasing":[101],"maintaining":[103],"for":[105],"future":[106],"tools.":[107]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2024-11-02T00:00:00"}