{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400142772","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3643834.3660747","title":"\u201cMalicious\u201d Pictorials: How Alt Text Matters to Screen Reader Users' Experience of Image-Dense Media","display_name":"\u201cMalicious\u201d Pictorials: How Alt Text Matters to Screen Reader Users' Experience of Image-Dense Media","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-06-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400142772","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3643834.3660747"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3643834.3660747","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3643834.3660747","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608268","display_name":"Designing Interactive Systems Conference","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Designing Interactive Systems Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068354838","display_name":"A. Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4965-0579"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alyson Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Informatics, University of California, Irvine, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4965-0579","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Informatics, University of California, Irvine, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067521524","display_name":"Riya Sogani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5313-7575"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119939252","display_name":"Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology Delhi","ror":"https://ror.org/03vfp4g33","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119939252"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Riya Sogani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, Delhi, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5313-7575","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, Delhi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119939252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092484676","display_name":"Bruna Oewel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6498-2785"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bruna Oewel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Informatics, University of California, Irvine, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6498-2785","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Informatics, University of California, Irvine, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103171814","display_name":"Karen Phan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karen Phan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Informatics, University of California, Irvine, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2277-1260","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Informatics, University of California, Irvine, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044567915","display_name":"J. S. Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5341-2477"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaime Shin Young Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Informatics, University of California, Irvine, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5341-2477","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Informatics, University of California, Irvine, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5099683693","display_name":"Mia Ashley Yeo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mia Ashley Yeo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7955-1074","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050587818","display_name":"Lindsay A. Yazzolino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0088-7599"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lindsay Ann Yazzolino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johns Hopkins University, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0088-7599","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins University, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009968917","display_name":"Karen Arcos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0651-4160"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karen Arcos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cognitive Sciences, University of California, Irvine, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0651-4160","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cognitive Sciences, University of California, Irvine, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065164798","display_name":"Ali Abdolrahmani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9831-6738"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79272384","display_name":"University of Maryland, Baltimore County","ror":"https://ror.org/02qskvh78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79272384"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Abdolrahmani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Systems, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9831-6738","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Systems, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79272384"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080397558","display_name":"Emily Blank","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0421-3276"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emily Blank","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0421-3276","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102735043","display_name":"Michael Gilbert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0260-2956"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Dean Gilbert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0260-2956","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026377321","display_name":"Stacy Branham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4894-4070"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stacy M. Branham","raw_affiliation_strings":["Informatics, University of California, Irvine, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4894-4070","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Informatics, University of California, Irvine, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.821,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97860917,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1262","last_page":"1274"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11197","display_name":"Digital Games and Media","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11197","display_name":"Digital Games and Media","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.9725000262260437,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12720","display_name":"Multimedia Communication and Technology","score":0.9717000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.690009355545044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.5961112380027771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.45988520979881287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.4581626057624817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.3662233352661133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.3341127336025238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.149952232837677}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.690009355545044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5961112380027771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.45988520979881287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.4581626057624817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.3662233352661133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.3341127336025238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.149952232837677}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3643834.3660747","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3643834.3660747","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608268","display_name":"Designing Interactive Systems Conference","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Designing Interactive Systems Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1978722038","https://openalex.org/W2106652774","https://openalex.org/W2346371394","https://openalex.org/W2588822708","https://openalex.org/W2594338580","https://openalex.org/W2998746484","https://openalex.org/W3010343788","https://openalex.org/W3029105705","https://openalex.org/W3094043653","https://openalex.org/W3153965221","https://openalex.org/W3161209699","https://openalex.org/W3162205072","https://openalex.org/W3175819408","https://openalex.org/W3193568238","https://openalex.org/W3206079650","https://openalex.org/W3207136799","https://openalex.org/W4214860063","https://openalex.org/W4224985432","https://openalex.org/W4281490909","https://openalex.org/W4283805395","https://openalex.org/W4288400169","https://openalex.org/W4298051348","https://openalex.org/W4320858911"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W304855073","https://openalex.org/W372519479","https://openalex.org/W4213212078","https://openalex.org/W938111471","https://openalex.org/W2511882081","https://openalex.org/W2356683864","https://openalex.org/W2518250394","https://openalex.org/W2032169142","https://openalex.org/W2267221041"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"People":[0],"who":[1],"are":[2,26,96,101],"blind":[3,89],"face":[4],"accessibility":[5,35],"and":[6,34,78,119],"usability":[7],"barriers":[8],"every":[9],"time":[10],"a":[11,41,58,65,84,106],"digital":[12],"image":[13],"author":[14],"omits":[15],"or":[16,20],"creates":[17],"uninformative":[18],"alternative":[19],"\u201calt\u201d":[21],"text.":[22],"Often,":[23],"content":[24,59],"creators":[25],"simply":[27],"unaware":[28],"of":[29,43,61,68,129],"screen":[30,75],"reader":[31,76],"users\u2019":[32],"experience":[33],"best":[36],"practices;":[37],"there":[38],"is":[39],"also":[40],"lack":[42],"research":[44,92],"knowledge":[45],"about":[46],"how":[47],"to":[48,126],"design":[49],"accessible":[50,122],"image-dense":[51,130],"media,":[52],"like":[53],"pictorials.":[54],"We":[55,109],"present":[56],"(1)":[57],"analysis":[60,67],"149":[62],"pictorials,":[63],"(2)":[64],"thematic":[66],"three":[69,88,120],"think-aloud":[70],"sessions":[71],"with":[72,87],"an":[73],"expert":[74],"user,":[77],"(3)":[79],"practical":[80],"lessons":[81],"learned":[82],"from":[83,104],"co-design":[85],"workshop":[86],"scholars.":[90],"Our":[91],"finds":[93],"that":[94,116],"pictorials":[95,118],"increasingly":[97],"accessible,":[98],"but":[99],"they":[100],"still":[102],"far":[103],"providing":[105],"usable":[107],"experience.":[108],"identify":[110],"nine":[111],"\u201cmalicious\u201d":[112],"alt":[113,123],"text":[114,124],"patterns":[115,125],"riddle":[117],"novel":[121],"guide":[127],"authors":[128],"media.":[131]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-08-03T07:22:36.454288","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
