{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399324070","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3643832.3661890","title":"Enabling Hands-Free Voice Assistant Activation on Earphones","display_name":"Enabling Hands-Free Voice Assistant Activation on Earphones","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-06-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399324070","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3643832.3661890"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3643832.3661890","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3643832.3661890","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3643832.3661890","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 22nd Annual International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications and Services","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3643832.3661890","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100357819","display_name":"Tao Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4565-5548"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tao Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032698014","display_name":"Yongjie Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8933-2631"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongjie Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5099012561","display_name":"Chonghao Qiu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3925-4536"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chonghao Qiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101588749","display_name":"Xiaoran Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6368-9250"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoran Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google, Irvine, United States of America"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google, Irvine, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101563432","display_name":"Xiuzhen Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8655-8130"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiuzhen Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070325443","display_name":"Longfei Shangguan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1153-7087"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Longfei Shangguan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100357819"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8352,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91523736,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"155","last_page":"168"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11439","display_name":"Video Analysis and Summarization","score":0.9894999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5574187636375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hands-free","display_name":"Hands free","score":0.5187111496925354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.4006628096103668}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5574187636375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018339088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28460","display_name":"Hands free","level":2,"score":0.5187111496925354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4006628096103668}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3643832.3661890","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3643832.3661890","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3643832.3661890","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 22nd Annual International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications and Services","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3643832.3661890","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3643832.3661890","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3643832.3661890","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 22nd Annual International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications and Services","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.6899999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6153920818","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2337537","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4399324070.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522640079","https://openalex.org/W1543181810","https://openalex.org/W1991590998","https://openalex.org/W2023514810","https://openalex.org/W2040256188","https://openalex.org/W2043843997","https://openalex.org/W2121469013","https://openalex.org/W2461924673","https://openalex.org/W2575585029","https://openalex.org/W2807696699","https://openalex.org/W2887734663","https://openalex.org/W2896518452","https://openalex.org/W2896538040","https://openalex.org/W2941327948","https://openalex.org/W2943686508","https://openalex.org/W2949738301","https://openalex.org/W2963470929","https://openalex.org/W2972289934","https://openalex.org/W2973158730","https://openalex.org/W2980880049","https://openalex.org/W3006816054","https://openalex.org/W3034142844","https://openalex.org/W3092028330","https://openalex.org/W3096599940","https://openalex.org/W3096625841","https://openalex.org/W3140672455","https://openalex.org/W3155533627","https://openalex.org/W3161865163","https://openalex.org/W3175702010","https://openalex.org/W3198130403","https://openalex.org/W3205995231","https://openalex.org/W4224293426","https://openalex.org/W4249938195","https://openalex.org/W4252763615","https://openalex.org/W4281769766","https://openalex.org/W4294891788","https://openalex.org/W4317927899","https://openalex.org/W4320519611","https://openalex.org/W4321009928","https://openalex.org/W4366527524","https://openalex.org/W4367046449","https://openalex.org/W4380928279","https://openalex.org/W4383754946","https://openalex.org/W4387321423","https://openalex.org/W4390829738","https://openalex.org/W4396833213","https://openalex.org/W4399121557"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W34077297"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,132],"present":[1],"the":[2,37,40,50,73,96,110,116,134,175],"design":[3,24],"and":[4,31,43,53,56,68,86,141,151],"implementation":[5],"of":[6,39,129],"EarVoice,":[7],"a":[8,65,93,104,120,137],"lightweight":[9],"mobile":[10,188],"service":[11],"that":[12,35,158],"enables":[13],"hands-free":[14],"voice":[15],"assistant":[16],"activation":[17],"on":[18,92,136,172,187],"commodity":[19],"earphones.":[20],"EarVoice":[21,91,159],"comprises":[22],"two":[23],"modules:":[25],"one":[26],"for":[27,58,122],"joint":[28],"speech":[29,78,113],"detection":[30],"primary":[32,51,111],"user":[33,52],"identification":[34],"explores":[36],"attributes":[38],"air":[41],"channel":[42],"in-body":[44],"audio":[45],"pathway":[46],"to":[47,71,107,114,185],"differentiate":[48],"between":[49],"others":[54],"nearby;":[55],"another":[57],"accurate":[59],"wakeup":[60,123,163],"word":[61,124,164],"enhancement,":[62],"which":[63,170],"employs":[64],"\"copy,":[66],"paste,":[67],"adapt\"":[69],"approach":[70],"reconstruct":[72],"missing":[74],"high-frequency":[75],"component":[76],"in":[77,148,167],"recordings.":[79],"To":[80],"minimize":[81],"false":[82],"positives,":[83],"enhance":[84],"agility,":[85],"preserve":[87],"privacy,":[88],"we":[89],"deploy":[90],"dongle":[94,135],"where":[95],"proposed":[97],"signal":[98],"processing":[99],"algorithms":[100],"are":[101],"streamlined":[102],"with":[103,145,174],"gating":[105],"mechanism":[106],"permit":[108],"only":[109],"user's":[112],"enter":[115],"pairing":[117],"device":[118],"(e.g.,":[119],"smartphone)":[121],"recognition,":[125],"preventing":[126],"unintended":[127],"disclosure":[128],"ambient":[130],"conversations.":[131],"implemented":[133],"4-layer":[138],"PCB":[139],"board":[140],"conducted":[142],"extensive":[143],"experiments":[144],"23":[146],"participants":[147],"both":[149],"controlled":[150],"uncontrolled":[152],"scenarios.":[153],"The":[154],"experiment":[155],"results":[156],"show":[157],"achieves":[160],"around":[161],"90%":[162],"recognition":[165],"accuracy":[166],"stationary":[168],"scenarios,":[169],"is":[171],"par":[173],"high-end,":[176],"multi-sensor":[177],"fusion-based":[178],"Airpods":[179,193],"Pro":[180],"earbud.":[181],"EarVoice's":[182],"performance":[183],"drops":[184],"84%":[186],"cases,":[189],"slightly":[190],"worse":[191],"than":[192],"(around":[194],"90%).":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
