{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399323521","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3643832.3661887","title":"RFSpy: Eavesdropping on Online Conversations with Out-of-Vocabulary Words by Sensing Metal Coil Vibration of Headsets Leveraging RFID","display_name":"RFSpy: Eavesdropping on Online Conversations with Out-of-Vocabulary Words by Sensing Metal Coil Vibration of Headsets Leveraging RFID","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-06-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399323521","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3643832.3661887"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3643832.3661887","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3643832.3661887","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3643832.3661887","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 22nd Annual International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications and Services","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3643832.3661887","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059689651","display_name":"Yunzhong Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2389-4188"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102322142","display_name":"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey","ror":"https://ror.org/05vt9qd57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yunzhong Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, Shanghai, China","Department of Electrical &amp; Computer Engineering, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States of America"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical &amp; Computer Engineering, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012589427","display_name":"Jiadi Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0207-9643"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiadi Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100394750","display_name":"Yingying Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3994-766X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102322142","display_name":"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey","ror":"https://ror.org/05vt9qd57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yingying Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, Shanghai, China","Department of Electrical &amp; Computer Engineering, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States of America"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical &amp; Computer Engineering, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072308822","display_name":"Linghe Kong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9266-3044"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linghe Kong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081759167","display_name":"Yanmin Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6406-4992"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanmin Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009913466","display_name":"Yi\u2010Chao Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0782-4953"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102322142","display_name":"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey","ror":"https://ror.org/05vt9qd57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi-Chao Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, Shanghai, China","Department of Electrical &amp; Computer Engineering, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States of America"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical &amp; Computer Engineering, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059689651"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142","https://openalex.org/I183067930"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8034,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91209083,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"169","last_page":"182"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9869999885559082,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9825999736785889,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eavesdropping","display_name":"Eavesdropping","score":0.9034265279769897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6506660580635071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocabulary","display_name":"Vocabulary","score":0.4850691854953766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromagnetic-coil","display_name":"Electromagnetic coil","score":0.47998854517936707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.4497711658477783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.435842901468277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.20983219146728516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.2087133228778839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.19805419445037842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.08977249264717102}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776788033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320769","display_name":"Eavesdropping","level":2,"score":0.9034265279769897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6506660580635071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6499736","display_name":"Vocabulary","level":2,"score":0.4850691854953766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30403606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2981904","display_name":"Electromagnetic coil","level":2,"score":0.47998854517936707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4497711658477783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.435842901468277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.20983219146728516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2087133228778839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19805419445037842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.08977249264717102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3643832.3661887","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3643832.3661887","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3643832.3661887","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 22nd Annual International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications and Services","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3643832.3661887","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3643832.3661887","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3643832.3661887","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 22nd Annual International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications and Services","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.5400000214576721}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4001607369","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62172277","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4399323521.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W317957491","https://openalex.org/W1996137199","https://openalex.org/W2000982976","https://openalex.org/W2025621754","https://openalex.org/W2037940300","https://openalex.org/W2120847449","https://openalex.org/W2128368067","https://openalex.org/W2128653836","https://openalex.org/W2150625542","https://openalex.org/W2162363342","https://openalex.org/W2165193616","https://openalex.org/W2167932108","https://openalex.org/W2207853655","https://openalex.org/W2341771843","https://openalex.org/W2523934390","https://openalex.org/W2770342399","https://openalex.org/W2773715345","https://openalex.org/W2863119652","https://openalex.org/W2907493122","https://openalex.org/W2920375745","https://openalex.org/W2923400712","https://openalex.org/W2953236873","https://openalex.org/W2953297989","https://openalex.org/W2972359262","https://openalex.org/W2980498517","https://openalex.org/W2997000611","https://openalex.org/W3007498683","https://openalex.org/W3021574417","https://openalex.org/W3026105097","https://openalex.org/W3046258263","https://openalex.org/W3047549398","https://openalex.org/W3108124689","https://openalex.org/W3109500059","https://openalex.org/W3113878582","https://openalex.org/W3147071923","https://openalex.org/W3210626783","https://openalex.org/W4200264829","https://openalex.org/W4200522395","https://openalex.org/W4246655895","https://openalex.org/W4252215110","https://openalex.org/W4282960242","https://openalex.org/W4283211061","https://openalex.org/W4283219755","https://openalex.org/W4284881846","https://openalex.org/W4288057696","https://openalex.org/W4288057735","https://openalex.org/W4306179797","https://openalex.org/W4308089114","https://openalex.org/W4312933868","https://openalex.org/W4380301338","https://openalex.org/W4380301346","https://openalex.org/W4386242195","https://openalex.org/W4386243249","https://openalex.org/W4386243293","https://openalex.org/W6704143010","https://openalex.org/W6854641661"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2772112465","https://openalex.org/W4386360526","https://openalex.org/W4387918499","https://openalex.org/W2368710903","https://openalex.org/W2158905603","https://openalex.org/W2766105476","https://openalex.org/W2735171729","https://openalex.org/W2769254131","https://openalex.org/W2091556092","https://openalex.org/W1577148532"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Eavesdropping":[0],"on":[1,76,93,166,239],"human":[2],"sound":[3,58,187,219,226],"is":[4],"one":[5,18,72,118],"of":[6,19,45,86,121,138,176],"the":[7,20,56,82,147,157,162,167,171,190,218],"most":[8,21],"common":[9,30],"but":[10,200],"harmful":[11],"ways":[12],"to":[13,51,79,140,169,221],"threaten":[14],"personal":[15],"privacy.":[16],"As":[17],"essential":[22],"accessories,":[23],"headsets":[24],"have":[25,48],"been":[26,49],"widely":[27],"used":[28],"in":[29,231],"online":[31,35,64,154,240],"conversations,":[32],"such":[33,102],"as":[34,103,134],"calls,":[36],"video":[37],"meetings,":[38],"etc.":[39],"The":[40],"metal":[41,83,172],"coil":[42,84,173],"vibration":[43,174,193],"patterns":[44,175,194],"headset":[46,78,87,125,168,177],"speakers/microphones":[47],"proven":[50],"be":[52],"highly":[53],"correlated":[54],"with":[55,151,242],"speaker-produced/microphone-received":[57],"content.":[59],"This":[60],"paper":[61],"presents":[62],"an":[63,122],"conversation":[65,222],"eavesdropping":[66,92],"system,":[67],"RFSpy,":[68],"which":[69],"uses":[70],"only":[71,197],"RFID":[73,115,130,163],"tag":[74,116,164],"attached":[75,165],"a":[77,112,208,225],"alternately":[80],"sense":[81],"vibrations":[85],"speaker":[88,178],"and":[89,95,142,179],"microphone":[90,180],"for":[91,195],"speaker-produced":[94],"microphone-received":[96],"sound.":[97],"In":[98],"some":[99],"accessible":[100],"scenarios,":[101],"meeting":[104],"rooms,":[105],"offices,":[106],"etc.,":[107],"assuming":[108],"attackers":[109],"secretly":[110],"attach":[111],"small,":[113],"battery-free":[114],"under":[117],"ear":[119],"cushion":[120],"eavesdropped":[123,148],"user's":[124],"without":[126],"being":[127],"noticed.":[128],"Meanwhile,":[129],"readers":[131],"are":[132],"camouflaged":[133],"decorations":[135],"placed":[136],"in/out":[137],"rooms":[139],"transmit":[141],"receive":[143],"RF":[144,182,191],"signals.":[145,183],"When":[146],"user":[149],"talks":[150],"other":[152],"users":[153],"by":[155,206],"using":[156],"headset,":[158],"RFSpy":[159,185,216,236],"first":[160],"activates":[161],"capture":[170],"upon":[181],"Then,":[184],"reconstructs":[186],"spectrograms":[188,220],"from":[189],"signal-based":[192],"not":[196],"trained":[198],"words":[199,205,245],"also":[201],"untrained":[202],"(i.e.,":[203],"out-of-vocabulary)":[204],"utilizing":[207],"designed":[209],"Sound":[210],"Spectrogram":[211],"Reconstruction":[212],"(SSR)":[213],"network.":[214],"Finally,":[215],"converts":[217],"content":[223],"through":[224],"recognition":[227],"API.":[228],"Extensive":[229],"experiments":[230],"real":[232],"environments":[233],"demonstrate":[234],"that":[235],"can":[237],"eavesdrop":[238],"conversations":[241],"out-of-vocabulary":[243],"(OOV)":[244],"effectively.":[246]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
