{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402721847","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3641825.3689520","title":"GazeLock: Gaze- and Lock Pattern-Based Authentication","display_name":"GazeLock: Gaze- and Lock Pattern-Based Authentication","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-09-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402721847","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3641825.3689520"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3641825.3689520","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3641825.3689520","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"30th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006866937","display_name":"L\u00e1szl\u00f3 Kop\u00e1csi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2387-2015"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33256026","display_name":"German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/01ayc5b57","country_code":"DE","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"L\u00e1szl\u00f3 Kop\u00e1csi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Interactive Machine Learning, German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2387-2015","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interactive Machine Learning, German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113395173","display_name":"Tobias Sebastian Schneider","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91712215","display_name":"Saarland University","ror":"https://ror.org/01jdpyv68","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91712215"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tobias Sebastian Schneider","raw_affiliation_strings":["Saarland University, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7812-7675","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Saarland University, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91712215"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026223846","display_name":"Chiara Karr","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2526-3988"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91712215","display_name":"Saarland University","ror":"https://ror.org/01jdpyv68","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91712215"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chiara Karr","raw_affiliation_strings":["Saarland University, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2526-3988","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Saarland University, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91712215"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037664911","display_name":"Michael Barz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6730-2466"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33256026","display_name":"German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/01ayc5b57","country_code":"DE","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Barz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Interactive Machine Learning, German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Germany and Applied Artificial Intelligence, Oldenburg University, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6730-2466","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interactive Machine Learning, German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Germany and Applied Artificial Intelligence, Oldenburg University, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069432042","display_name":"Daniel Sonntag","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8857-8709"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33256026","display_name":"German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/01ayc5b57","country_code":"DE","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Sonntag","raw_affiliation_strings":["Interactive Machine Learning, German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Germany and Applied Artificial Intelligence, University of Oldenburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8857-8709","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interactive Machine Learning, German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Germany and Applied Artificial Intelligence, University of Oldenburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5006866937"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0297,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77158809,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"2"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9896000027656555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lock","display_name":"Lock (firearm)","score":0.7599598169326782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7405354976654053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaze","display_name":"Gaze","score":0.7290933132171631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.5478479862213135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.44380074739456177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4268030822277069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.37234628200531006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.24384689331054688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10160937905311584}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174839445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134386","display_name":"Lock (firearm)","level":2,"score":0.7599598169326782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7405354976654053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779916870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14467155","display_name":"Gaze","level":2,"score":0.7290933132171631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.5478479862213135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.44380074739456177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4268030822277069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.37234628200531006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.24384689331054688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10160937905311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3641825.3689520","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3641825.3689520","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"30th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2110228188","https://openalex.org/W2764065835","https://openalex.org/W3005837602","https://openalex.org/W3124751734","https://openalex.org/W3165188639","https://openalex.org/W4288057757","https://openalex.org/W4367662614","https://openalex.org/W4367662768"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1880689012","https://openalex.org/W3014378845","https://openalex.org/W4240909707","https://openalex.org/W2059546927","https://openalex.org/W3207760378","https://openalex.org/W4386072035","https://openalex.org/W2562758970","https://openalex.org/W1986970529","https://openalex.org/W1563178652","https://openalex.org/W2385108104"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Password":[0],"entry":[1],"is":[2,105],"common":[3],"authentication":[4,76],"approach":[5],"in":[6,20,147],"Extended":[7],"Reality":[8],"(XR)":[9],"applications":[10,144],"for":[11,64,121],"its":[12,27,142],"simplicity":[13],"and":[14,22,30,41,61,73,85,107,145],"familiarity,":[15],"but":[16],"it":[17,119],"faces":[18],"challenges":[19],"public":[21,66,123],"dynamic":[23],"environments":[24],"due":[25],"to":[26,32,43,81,99],"cumbersome":[28],"nature":[29,117],"susceptibility":[31],"observation":[33],"attacks.":[34],"Manual":[35],"password":[36],"input":[37],"can":[38],"be":[39],"disruptive":[40],"prone":[42],"theft":[44],"through":[45,94],"shoulder":[46],"surfing":[47],"or":[48],"surveillance.":[49],"While":[50],"alternative":[51,87],"knowledge-based":[52],"approaches":[53],"exist,":[54],"they":[55],"often":[56],"require":[57],"complex":[58],"physical":[59,103],"gestures":[60],"are":[62,109],"impractical":[63],"frequent":[65],"use.":[67,124],"We":[68,125],"present":[69],"GazeLock,":[70],"an":[71,83,138],"eye-tracking":[72],"lock":[74,91,136],"pattern-based":[75],"method.":[77],"This":[78],"method":[79,128],"aims":[80],"provide":[82],"easy-to-learn":[84],"efficient":[86],"by":[88,111,129],"leveraging":[89],"familiar":[90],"patterns":[92],"operated":[93],"gaze.":[95],"It":[96],"ensures":[97],"resilience":[98],"external":[100],"observation,":[101],"as":[102],"interaction":[104],"unnecessary":[106],"eyes":[108],"obscured":[110],"the":[112,131],"headset.":[113],"Its":[114],"hands-free,":[115],"discreet":[116],"makes":[118],"suitable":[120],"secure":[122],"demonstrate":[126],"this":[127],"simulating":[130],"unlocking":[132],"of":[133],"a":[134],"smart":[135],"via":[137],"XR":[139],"headset,":[140],"showcasing":[141],"potential":[143],"benefits":[146],"real-world":[148],"scenarios.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-12-27T23:08:20.325037","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}