{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390751813","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3640337","title":"<scp>ARCTURUS</scp> : Full Coverage Binary Similarity Analysis with Reachability-guided Emulation","display_name":"<scp>ARCTURUS</scp> : Full Coverage Binary Similarity Analysis with Reachability-guided Emulation","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390751813","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3640337"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3640337","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3640337","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3640337","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142627899","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","issn_l":"1049-331X","issn":["1049-331X","1557-7392"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3640337","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040244108","display_name":"Anshunkang Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Anshunkang Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072301618","display_name":"Yikun Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2035-7176"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yikun Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036121611","display_name":"Xiangzhe Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6619-781X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangzhe Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101490553","display_name":"Charles Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6417-1034"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charles Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040244108"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.1234,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96074402,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"4","first_page":"1","last_page":"31"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8750874400138855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reachability","display_name":"Reachability","score":0.6617884039878845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compiler","display_name":"Compiler","score":0.6006836891174316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5389562249183655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emulation","display_name":"Emulation","score":0.5139579176902771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.513480007648468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.4939594864845276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-coverage","display_name":"Code coverage","score":0.46423545479774475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.4610547125339508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.41019365191459656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.37978804111480713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3682534694671631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.35114264488220215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.2670367360115051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.14321506023406982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.12786081433296204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.10387364029884338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07313090562820435}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8750874400138855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136643341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1361526","display_name":"Reachability","level":2,"score":0.6617884039878845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169590947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47506","display_name":"Compiler","level":2,"score":0.6006836891174316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5389562249183655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149810388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5374873","display_name":"Emulation","level":2,"score":0.5139579176902771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.513480007648468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.4939594864845276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53942775","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1211721","display_name":"Code coverage","level":3,"score":0.46423545479774475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.4610547125339508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.41019365191459656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.37978804111480713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3682534694671631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.35114264488220215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.2670367360115051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.14321506023406982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.12786081433296204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.10387364029884338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07313090562820435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3640337","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3640337","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3640337","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142627899","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","issn_l":"1049-331X","issn":["1049-331X","1557-7392"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkust.edu.hk:1783.1-137864","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.hkust.edu.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-137864","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3640337","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3640337","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3640337","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142627899","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","issn_l":"1049-331X","issn":["1049-331X","1557-7392"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390751813.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390751813.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W200653874","https://openalex.org/W844137998","https://openalex.org/W1486540864","https://openalex.org/W1690253345","https://openalex.org/W1942295288","https://openalex.org/W1977634174","https://openalex.org/W2009614414","https://openalex.org/W2010417554","https://openalex.org/W2063397164","https://openalex.org/W2087493276","https://openalex.org/W2092330486","https://openalex.org/W2101077503","https://openalex.org/W2112725702","https://openalex.org/W2156357889","https://openalex.org/W2165597437","https://openalex.org/W2296467253","https://openalex.org/W2414803796","https://openalex.org/W2439280908","https://openalex.org/W2532550198","https://openalex.org/W2532962075","https://openalex.org/W2547625248","https://openalex.org/W2577142429","https://openalex.org/W2627063456","https://openalex.org/W2731423391","https://openalex.org/W2749008552","https://openalex.org/W2792247670","https://openalex.org/W2801712578","https://openalex.org/W2809270416","https://openalex.org/W2888076836","https://openalex.org/W2888320512","https://openalex.org/W2901689459","https://openalex.org/W2912568927","https://openalex.org/W2913556077","https://openalex.org/W2926178846","https://openalex.org/W2945774275","https://openalex.org/W2962688040","https://openalex.org/W3000692790","https://openalex.org/W3007413911","https://openalex.org/W3033606455","https://openalex.org/W3043519510","https://openalex.org/W3084708231","https://openalex.org/W3105926539","https://openalex.org/W3109206613","https://openalex.org/W3112894679","https://openalex.org/W3127424491","https://openalex.org/W3153398259","https://openalex.org/W3160616715","https://openalex.org/W3166956180","https://openalex.org/W3212166010","https://openalex.org/W4224245093","https://openalex.org/W4232950623","https://openalex.org/W4239813889","https://openalex.org/W4242182777","https://openalex.org/W4247464060","https://openalex.org/W4253752119","https://openalex.org/W4281704015","https://openalex.org/W4284690592","https://openalex.org/W4298447450","https://openalex.org/W4300771635","https://openalex.org/W4384154537"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2136512912","https://openalex.org/W2127267268","https://openalex.org/W2156446763","https://openalex.org/W2067910792","https://openalex.org/W2150194458","https://openalex.org/W2143461633","https://openalex.org/W2889071233","https://openalex.org/W2154523322","https://openalex.org/W2083200807","https://openalex.org/W4321471459"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Binary":[0],"code":[1,71,85,101,107,118,134,144],"similarity":[2,27],"analysis":[3,28],"is":[4,29,90,115,128,190],"extremely":[5],"useful,":[6],"since":[7],"it":[8,189],"provides":[9],"rich":[10],"information":[11],"about":[12],"an":[13,160],"unknown":[14],"binary,":[15],"such":[16,141],"as":[17,31],"revealing":[18],"its":[19],"functionality":[20],"and":[21,73],"identifying":[22],"reused":[23],"libraries.":[24],"Robust":[25],"binary":[26],"challenging,":[30],"heavy":[32],"compiler":[33,93],"optimizations":[34],"can":[35,68,146],"make":[36],"semantically":[37],"similar":[38],"binaries":[39],"have":[40],"gigantic":[41],"syntactic":[42],"differences.":[43],"Unfortunately,":[44],"existing":[45],"semantic-based":[46],"methods":[47,171],"still":[48],"suffer":[49],"from":[50],"either":[51],"incomplete":[52],"coverage":[53,72],"or":[54],"low":[55],"accuracy.":[56],"In":[57],"this":[58],"article,":[59],"we":[60],"propose":[61],"ARCTURUS":[62,158,176],",":[63],"a":[64,151],"new":[65],"technique":[66],"that":[67,91,142,157,188],"achieve":[69],"high":[70,74],"accuracy":[75],"simultaneously":[76],"by":[77,172],"manipulating":[78],"program":[79,96,139],"execution":[80,140],"under":[81],"the":[82,92,106,111,122,131,138],"guidance":[83],"of":[84,133,163],"reachability.":[86],"Our":[87],"key":[88,126],"insight":[89],"must":[94],"preserve":[95],"semantics":[97],"(e.g.,":[98],"dependences":[99],"between":[100,113],"fragments)":[102],"during":[103],"compilation;":[104],"therefore,":[105],"reachability,":[108],"which":[109],"implies":[110],"interdependence":[112],"code,":[114],"invariant":[116],"across":[117],"transformations.":[119],"Based":[120],"on":[121,174,185],"above":[123],"insight,":[124],"our":[125],"idea":[127],"to":[129,136,181],"leverage":[130],"stability":[132],"reachability":[135],"manipulate":[137],"deep":[143],"logic":[145],"also":[147],"be":[148],"covered":[149],"in":[150],"consistent":[152],"way.":[153],"Experimental":[154],"results":[155],"show":[156],"achieves":[159],"average":[161],"precision":[162],"87.8%":[164],"with":[165],"100%":[166],"block":[167],"coverage,":[168],"outperforming":[169],"compared":[170],"38.4%,":[173],"average.":[175],"takes":[177],"only":[178],"0.15":[179],"second":[180],"process":[182],"one":[183],"function,":[184],"average,":[186],"indicating":[187],"efficient":[191],"for":[192],"practical":[193],"use.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2024-01-13T00:00:00"}
