{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390751909","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3640334","title":"Industry Practices for Challenging Autonomous Driving Systems with Critical Scenarios","display_name":"Industry Practices for Challenging Autonomous Driving Systems with Critical Scenarios","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390751909","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3640334"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3640334","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3640334","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3640334","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142627899","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","issn_l":"1049-331X","issn":["1049-331X","1557-7392"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3640334","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004286923","display_name":"Qunying Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8653-0250"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","display_name":"Lund University","ror":"https://ror.org/012a77v79","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qunying Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8653-0250","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085978732","display_name":"Emelie Engstr\u00f6m","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6736-9425"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","display_name":"Lund University","ror":"https://ror.org/012a77v79","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emelie Engstr\u00f6m","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6736-9425","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087032437","display_name":"Per Runeson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2795-4851"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","display_name":"Lund University","ror":"https://ror.org/012a77v79","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Per Runeson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2795-4851","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.4188,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94446935,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"4","first_page":"1","last_page":"35"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13295","display_name":"Safety Systems Engineering in Autonomy","score":0.9904999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13295","display_name":"Safety Systems Engineering in Autonomy","score":0.9904999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9901000261306763,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9829000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.7432562708854675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relevance","display_name":"Relevance (law)","score":0.6655356287956238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.643256664276123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.5455940365791321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.5213271975517273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.45523905754089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thematic-analysis","display_name":"Thematic analysis","score":0.43886762857437134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/best-practice","display_name":"Best practice","score":0.41790398955345154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harm","display_name":"Harm","score":0.4169139564037323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-management","display_name":"Process management","score":0.38246282935142517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.34440597891807556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.24317315220832825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/qualitative-research","display_name":"Qualitative research","score":0.1321033239364624}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.7432562708854675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.6655356287956238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.643256664276123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.5455940365791321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5213271975517273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.45523905754089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74196892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7781188","display_name":"Thematic analysis","level":3,"score":0.43886762857437134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184356942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830382","display_name":"Best practice","level":2,"score":0.41790398955345154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777363581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15098235","display_name":"Harm","level":2,"score":0.4169139564037323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.38246282935142517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.34440597891807556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.24317315220832825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.1321033239364624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3640334","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3640334","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3640334","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142627899","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","issn_l":"1049-331X","issn":["1049-331X","1557-7392"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:lup.lub.lu.se:8b0da6c6-5892-450c-bc63-70bf8a02bedd","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/8b0da6c6-5892-450c-bc63-70bf8a02bedd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400536","display_name":"Lund University Publications (Lund University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","host_organization_name":"Lund University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISSN: 1049-331X","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3640334","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3640334","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3640334","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142627899","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","issn_l":"1049-331X","issn":["1049-331X","1557-7392"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5799999833106995,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390751909.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390751909.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":77,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1729897261","https://openalex.org/W1895727713","https://openalex.org/W1919636199","https://openalex.org/W1968261191","https://openalex.org/W1969036542","https://openalex.org/W1969939902","https://openalex.org/W1983641137","https://openalex.org/W2162739315","https://openalex.org/W2212765426","https://openalex.org/W2239306219","https://openalex.org/W2495601248","https://openalex.org/W2525936901","https://openalex.org/W2604358811","https://openalex.org/W2755893646","https://openalex.org/W2759501311","https://openalex.org/W2775678306","https://openalex.org/W2787159450","https://openalex.org/W2790344341","https://openalex.org/W2795485095","https://openalex.org/W2883563524","https://openalex.org/W2888483609","https://openalex.org/W2912493354","https://openalex.org/W2921180939","https://openalex.org/W2963657083","https://openalex.org/W2969033227","https://openalex.org/W2978632678","https://openalex.org/W2980278735","https://openalex.org/W2991501130","https://openalex.org/W3000408052","https://openalex.org/W3006568433","https://openalex.org/W3011888019","https://openalex.org/W3017682360","https://openalex.org/W3024414633","https://openalex.org/W3030475425","https://openalex.org/W3047641937","https://openalex.org/W3081764108","https://openalex.org/W3083765321","https://openalex.org/W3096585949","https://openalex.org/W3101000982","https://openalex.org/W3118900686","https://openalex.org/W3119236961","https://openalex.org/W3155776565","https://openalex.org/W3164218263","https://openalex.org/W3168678903","https://openalex.org/W3190994148","https://openalex.org/W3201047331","https://openalex.org/W3202511085","https://openalex.org/W3206349396","https://openalex.org/W3206485866","https://openalex.org/W3209807399","https://openalex.org/W3210738721","https://openalex.org/W3213266171","https://openalex.org/W4206087398","https://openalex.org/W4206742615","https://openalex.org/W4220814810","https://openalex.org/W4225349279","https://openalex.org/W4225524751","https://openalex.org/W4225627334","https://openalex.org/W4281385259","https://openalex.org/W4285071850","https://openalex.org/W4285235001","https://openalex.org/W4285812992","https://openalex.org/W4286488146","https://openalex.org/W4286532188","https://openalex.org/W4287114153","https://openalex.org/W4293168206","https://openalex.org/W4293768919","https://openalex.org/W4297097038","https://openalex.org/W4309711132","https://openalex.org/W4311209558","https://openalex.org/W4312097347","https://openalex.org/W4312590724","https://openalex.org/W4313398883","https://openalex.org/W4313547544","https://openalex.org/W4319964781","https://openalex.org/W4384009634","https://openalex.org/W6948735263"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2002383399","https://openalex.org/W644644594","https://openalex.org/W642180557","https://openalex.org/W2506073049","https://openalex.org/W2780591772","https://openalex.org/W3122105723","https://openalex.org/W1593090812","https://openalex.org/W4225469545","https://openalex.org/W2050105617","https://openalex.org/W2996002916"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Testing":[0],"autonomous":[1,31,71,92],"driving":[2,72,93],"systems":[3,73],"for":[4,42,51,185,197],"safety":[5],"and":[6,33,40,54,79,102,116,143,145,156,165,177,182,189,191],"reliability":[7],"is":[8,15,129],"essential,":[9],"yet":[10],"complex.":[11],"A":[12],"primary":[13],"challenge":[14],"identifying":[16],"relevant":[17],"test":[18],"scenarios,":[19],"especially":[20],"the":[21,48,77,104,134,154,168],"critical":[22,43,82,123,186],"ones":[23],"that":[24,150],"may":[25],"expose":[26],"hazards":[27],"or":[28],"harm":[29],"to":[30,100,122],"vehicles":[32],"other":[34],"road":[35],"users.":[36],"Although":[37],"numerous":[38],"approaches":[39],"tools":[41,144],"scenario":[44,187],"identification":[45,78,188],"are":[46,58,74,147,175],"proposed,":[47],"industry":[49,155,180,195],"practices":[50,115,181],"selection,":[52],"implementation,":[53],"evaluation":[55],"of":[56,69,81,114,119,172,179,194],"approaches,":[57,160],"not":[59],"well":[60],"understood.":[61],"Therefore,":[62],"we":[63,110,152],"aim":[64],"at":[65],"exploring":[66],"practical":[67],"aspects":[68],"how":[70],"tested,":[75],"particularly":[76],"use":[80],"scenarios.":[83,124],"We":[84,96],"interviewed":[85],"13":[86],"practitioners":[87],"from":[88],"7":[89],"companies":[90],"in":[91,94,133],"Sweden.":[95],"used":[97],"thematic":[98],"modeling":[99],"analyse":[101],"synthesize":[103],"interview":[105],"data.":[106],"As":[107],"a":[108],"result,":[109],"present":[111],"9":[112],"themes":[113,118],"4":[117],"challenges":[120,184],"related":[121,183],"Our":[125],"analysis":[126],"indicates":[127],"there":[128],"little":[130],"joint":[131],"effort":[132],"industry,":[135],"despite":[136],"every":[137],"approach":[138],"has":[139],"its":[140],"own":[141],"limitations,":[142],"platforms":[146],"lacking.":[148],"To":[149],"end,":[151],"recommend":[153],"academia":[157],"combine":[158],"different":[159,163],"collaborate":[161],"among":[162],"stakeholders,":[164],"continuously":[166],"learn":[167],"field.":[169],"The":[170],"contributions":[171],"our":[173],"study":[174],"exploration":[176],"synthesis":[178],"testing,":[190],"potential":[192],"increase":[193],"relevance":[196],"future":[198],"studies.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
