{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399397072","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3639475.3640112","title":"An Empirical Study on Compliance with Ranking Transparency in the Software Documentation of EU Online Platforms","display_name":"An Empirical Study on Compliance with Ranking Transparency in the Software Documentation of EU Online Platforms","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-04-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399397072","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3639475.3640112"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3639475.3640112","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3639475.3640112","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 46th International Conference on Software Engineering: Software Engineering in Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3639475.3640112","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056310041","display_name":"Francesco Sovrano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6285-1041"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","display_name":"University of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesco Sovrano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6285-1041","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003312185","display_name":"Micha\u00ebl Lognoul","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5137-8278"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149768937","display_name":"University of Namur","ror":"https://ror.org/03d1maw17","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149768937"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Micha\u00ebl Lognoul","raw_affiliation_strings":["CRIDS, NADI, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5137-8278","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CRIDS, NADI, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149768937"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082720005","display_name":"Alberto Bacchelli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0193-6823"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","display_name":"University of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alberto Bacchelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0193-6823","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.4143,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96260365,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"46","last_page":"56"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":0.9861000180244446,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10927","display_name":"Access Control and Trust","score":0.9399999976158142,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/documentation","display_name":"Documentation","score":0.8688979148864746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transparency","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","score":0.7772557735443115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranking","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","score":0.6876682639122009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compliance","display_name":"Compliance (psychology)","score":0.5898711681365967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5638137459754944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5129689574241638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empirical-research","display_name":"Empirical research","score":0.4935721158981323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-documentation","display_name":"Software documentation","score":0.4513413906097412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accounting","display_name":"Accounting","score":0.3999022841453552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.34841388463974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.2744322717189789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.2586769461631775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-system","display_name":"Software system","score":0.15760135650634766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.1544351577758789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.11269432306289673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.11097732186317444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-construction","display_name":"Software construction","score":0.08873933553695679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07493066787719727}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56666940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788790","display_name":"Documentation","level":2,"score":0.8688979148864746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780233690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535347","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","level":2,"score":0.7772557735443115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.6876682639122009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781460075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1399332","display_name":"Compliance (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5898711681365967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5638137459754944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5129689574241638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.4935721158981323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81587897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181702","display_name":"Software documentation","level":5,"score":0.4513413906097412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.3999022841453552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.34841388463974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.2744322717189789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.2586769461631775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149091818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2429814","display_name":"Software system","level":3,"score":0.15760135650634766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.1544351577758789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.11269432306289673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.11097732186317444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186846655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398377","display_name":"Software construction","level":4,"score":0.08873933553695679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07493066787719727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3639475.3640112","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3639475.3640112","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 46th International Conference on Software Engineering: Software Engineering in Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.unamur.be:openaire_cris_products/d0f1b35f-d341-4729-98f4-ed1891cc066b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://researchportal.unamur.be/en/publications/d0f1b35f-d341-4729-98f4-ed1891cc066b","pdf_url":"https://pure.unamur.be/ws/files/101215062/9067.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922457","display_name":"Repository of the University of Namur","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sovrano, F, Lognoul, M & Bacchelli, A, An Empirical Study on Compliance with Ranking Transparency in the Software Documentation of EU Online Platforms : 46th International Conference on Software Engineering: Software Engineering in Society, 2024, Web publication/site.","raw_type":"other"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.unamur.be:publications/cd1d1274-9318-49a7-8bd7-c60d1197c08f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://researchportal.unamur.be/en/publications/cd1d1274-9318-49a7-8bd7-c60d1197c08f","pdf_url":"https://pure.unamur.be/ws/files/106577257/3639475.3640112.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922457","display_name":"Repository of the University of Namur","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"contributionToPeriodical"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cris.unibo.it:11585/1027994","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11585/1027994","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402579","display_name":"Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Universit\u00e0 di Bologna)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210117483","host_organization_name":"Istituto di Ematologia di Bologna","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117483"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3639475.3640112","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3639475.3640112","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 46th International Conference on Software Engineering: Software Engineering in Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2663829463","display_name":"Enhanced Code Review: Using Context and Learning from Review Experience","funder_award_id":"197227","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","funder_display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4937468798","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"H2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6570360898","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"958339","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8794294970","display_name":"Digital intelligence for collaborative ENergy management in Manufacturing","funder_award_id":"958339","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/00yjd3n13"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W929074951","https://openalex.org/W1840435438","https://openalex.org/W2035530978","https://openalex.org/W2072812688","https://openalex.org/W2133674686","https://openalex.org/W2519001210","https://openalex.org/W3046377295","https://openalex.org/W3099700870","https://openalex.org/W3108107668","https://openalex.org/W3200354049","https://openalex.org/W4256424394","https://openalex.org/W4283159491","https://openalex.org/W4295768230","https://openalex.org/W4303982959","https://openalex.org/W4323066314","https://openalex.org/W4353015365","https://openalex.org/W4377864948","https://openalex.org/W4385560445","https://openalex.org/W4386424132","https://openalex.org/W6930066568"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4382930947","https://openalex.org/W3081288631","https://openalex.org/W3152382318","https://openalex.org/W3004686567","https://openalex.org/W2738656338","https://openalex.org/W2410395228","https://openalex.org/W2603787370","https://openalex.org/W2555400967","https://openalex.org/W3214759741","https://openalex.org/W3174876210"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Compliance":[0],"with":[1,128],"the":[2,39,46,68,129],"European":[3],"Union's":[4],"Platform-to-Business":[5],"(P2B)":[6],"Regulation":[7],"helps":[8],"fostering":[9],"a":[10],"fair,":[11],"ethical":[12],"and":[13,24,79,90,99,126],"secure":[14],"online":[15,22],"environment.":[16],"However,":[17],"it":[18],"is":[19,35],"challenging":[20],"for":[21,31,44,116],"platforms,":[23],"assessing":[25,45],"their":[26,85],"compliance":[27,69,93,117,125],"can":[28],"be":[29],"difficult":[30],"public":[32],"authorities.":[33],"This":[34],"partly":[36],"due":[37],"to":[38,138],"lack":[40],"of":[41,70],"automated":[42,92],"tools":[43,95,104],"information":[47,100],"(e.g.,":[48],"software":[49],"documentation)":[50],"platforms":[51,73],"provide":[52],"concerning":[53],"ranking":[54],"transparency.":[55],"Our":[56,119],"study":[57],"tackles":[58],"this":[59],"issue":[60],"in":[61,84],"two":[62],"ways.":[63],"First,":[64],"we":[65,88],"empirically":[66],"evaluate":[67],"six":[71],"major":[72],"(Amazon,":[74],"Bing,":[75],"Booking,":[76],"Google,":[77],"Tripadvisor,":[78],"Yahoo),":[80],"revealing":[81],"substantial":[82],"differences":[83],"documentation.":[86],"Second,":[87],"introduce":[89],"test":[91],"assessment":[94],"based":[96],"on":[97,144],"ChatGPT":[98],"retrieval":[101],"technology.":[102],"These":[103],"are":[105],"evaluated":[106],"against":[107],"human":[108],"judgments,":[109],"showing":[110],"promising":[111],"results":[112],"as":[113],"reliable":[114],"proxies":[115],"assessments.":[118],"findings":[120],"could":[121],"help":[122],"enhance":[123],"regulatory":[124],"align":[127],"United":[130],"Nations":[131],"Sustainable":[132],"Development":[133],"Goal":[134],"10.3,":[135],"which":[136],"seeks":[137],"reduce":[139],"inequality,":[140],"including":[141],"business":[142],"disparities,":[143],"these":[145],"platforms.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-26T07:47:46.906454","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
