{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390829365","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3638771","title":"Bi-directional Block Encoding for Reversible Data Hiding over Encrypted Images","display_name":"Bi-directional Block Encoding for Reversible Data Hiding over Encrypted Images","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390829365","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3638771"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3638771","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3638771","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3638771","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S19610489","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing Communications and Applications","issn_l":"1551-6857","issn":["1551-6857","1551-6865"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3638771","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100435042","display_name":"Xingyu Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7016-7824"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xingyu Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007080915","display_name":"Zhongyun Hua","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3529-0541"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongyun Hua","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101521506","display_name":"Shuang Yi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2186-7995"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1313079697","display_name":"Southwest University of Political Science & Law","ror":"https://ror.org/02pz16m08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1313079697"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuang Yi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southwest University of Political Science and Law, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southwest University of Political Science and Law, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1313079697"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115076658","display_name":"Yushu Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yushu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009595085","display_name":"Yicong Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4487-6384"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6469544","display_name":"City University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/04gpd4q15","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6469544"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yicong Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Macau, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6469544","https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100435042"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2186,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78416845,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"5","first_page":"1","last_page":"23"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8858110904693604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.6893160343170166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.6849849224090576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.6483550071716309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-hiding","display_name":"Information hiding","score":0.6387408971786499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.41821420192718506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.3830718398094177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.34617793560028076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3334803581237793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3116432726383209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.2774397134780884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.25668710470199585}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8858110904693604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.6893160343170166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.6849849224090576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.6483550071716309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3073032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15912075","display_name":"Information hiding","level":3,"score":0.6387408971786499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.41821420192718506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.3830718398094177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.34617793560028076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3334803581237793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3116432726383209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2774397134780884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.25668710470199585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3638771","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3638771","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3638771","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S19610489","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing Communications and Applications","issn_l":"1551-6857","issn":["1551-6857","1551-6865"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3638771","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3638771","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3638771","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S19610489","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing Communications and Applications","issn_l":"1551-6857","issn":["1551-6857","1551-6865"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1121271761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1231421488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"under","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1477544716","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Guangdong","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1999575507","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2123497280","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"202106","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2981938667","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Shenzhen","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4653316091","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51501140","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4820158423","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021A1515011406","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","funder_display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5939423041","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Technology","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6048975038","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6688104968","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"620023","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7033253288","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grants","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7313095556","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KJQN202200303","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324805","funder_display_name":"Chongqing Municipal Education Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7322038268","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62071142 and 62002301","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8244995127","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62071142","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8836052842","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"021A1515011406","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","funder_display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8864745708","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021A1515","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","funder_display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G943933891","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62002301","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323711","display_name":"Southwest University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj4z117"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324805","display_name":"Chongqing Municipal Education Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/031nm5713"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390829365.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390829365.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1998279455","https://openalex.org/W2074253957","https://openalex.org/W2088399161","https://openalex.org/W2096445898","https://openalex.org/W2102661631","https://openalex.org/W2129652681","https://openalex.org/W2170269447","https://openalex.org/W2342152533","https://openalex.org/W2535009048","https://openalex.org/W2759097583","https://openalex.org/W2792490487","https://openalex.org/W2800663842","https://openalex.org/W2805885446","https://openalex.org/W2806483402","https://openalex.org/W2905057027","https://openalex.org/W2944424552","https://openalex.org/W2960243139","https://openalex.org/W2962531843","https://openalex.org/W2969448873","https://openalex.org/W2985678197","https://openalex.org/W2998648589","https://openalex.org/W3002624958","https://openalex.org/W3012834969","https://openalex.org/W3015356587","https://openalex.org/W3021929949","https://openalex.org/W3042591854","https://openalex.org/W3045372214","https://openalex.org/W3081489129","https://openalex.org/W3093539209","https://openalex.org/W3095567726","https://openalex.org/W3163262413","https://openalex.org/W3175406864","https://openalex.org/W4220660149","https://openalex.org/W4220714597","https://openalex.org/W4225647061","https://openalex.org/W4312748513"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2170577885","https://openalex.org/W4398199422","https://openalex.org/W2351909370","https://openalex.org/W2187037044","https://openalex.org/W3127228990","https://openalex.org/W2301878849","https://openalex.org/W2054082132","https://openalex.org/W3101977789","https://openalex.org/W2184946989","https://openalex.org/W2907504581"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Reversible":[0],"data":[1,24,33,44,142,147,167,170,205],"hiding":[2],"over":[3],"encrypted":[4,150,178],"images":[5,26,98],"(RDH-EI)":[6],"technology":[7],"is":[8,58],"a":[9,54,69,87,115,152,166,217],"viable":[10],"solution":[11],"for":[12,47,77,96,141,180],"privacy-preserving":[13],"cloud":[14,36],"storage,":[15,48,184],"as":[16,42,45,157],"it":[17],"enables":[18],"the":[19,32,78,82,110,122,127,136,158,177,181,191,199,203],"reversible":[20],"embedding":[21,56,220],"of":[22,84,183],"additional":[23],"into":[25],"while":[27],"maintaining":[28],"image":[29,128,179,201],"confidentiality.":[30],"Since":[31],"hiders,":[34],"e.g.,":[35],"servers,":[37],"are":[38,148],"willing":[39],"to":[40,103,134,165,223],"embed":[41,173],"much":[43],"possible":[46],"management,":[49,185],"or":[50,186],"other":[51,187],"processing":[52],"purposes,":[53],"large":[55],"capacity":[57,221],"desirable":[59],"in":[60,86],"an":[61,193],"RDH-EI":[62,117,214],"scheme.":[63,118],"In":[64,119],"this":[65,120],"article,":[66],"we":[67,113],"introduce":[68],"novel":[70],"bi-directional":[71],"block":[72],"encoding":[73,97,107],"(BDBE)":[74],"method,":[75],"which,":[76],"first":[79],"time,":[80],"encodes":[81],"distances":[83],"values":[85],"binary":[88],"sequence":[89],"from":[90],"both":[91],"ends.":[92],"This":[93],"approach":[94],"allows":[95],"with":[99],"smaller":[100],"sizes":[101],"compared":[102,222],"traditional":[104],"and":[105,130,202],"state-of-the-art":[106,225],"methods.":[108],"Leveraging":[109],"BDBE":[111,133],"technique,":[112],"propose":[114],"high-capacity":[116],"scheme,":[121],"content":[123],"owner":[124],"initially":[125],"predicts":[126],"pixels":[129],"then":[131],"employs":[132],"encode":[135],"prediction":[137],"errors,":[138],"creating":[139],"space":[140],"embedding.":[143],"The":[144,169],"resulting":[145],"encoded":[146],"subsequently":[149],"using":[151],"secure":[153],"stream":[154],"cipher,":[155],"such":[156],"Advanced":[159],"Encryption":[160],"Standard,":[161],"before":[162],"being":[163],"transmitted":[164],"hider.":[168],"hider":[171],"can":[172,196],"confidential":[174],"information":[175],"within":[176],"purposes":[182],"processing.":[188],"Upon":[189],"receiving":[190],"data,":[192],"authorized":[194],"receiver":[195],"accurately":[197],"recover":[198],"original":[200],"embedded":[204],"without":[206],"any":[207],"loss.":[208],"Experimental":[209],"results":[210],"demonstrate":[211],"that":[212],"our":[213],"scheme":[215],"achieves":[216],"significantly":[218],"larger":[219],"several":[224],"schemes.":[226]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-13T07:58:08.660418","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}