{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390393161","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3638561","title":"PU-Detector: A PU Learning-based Framework for Real Money Trading Detection in MMORPG","display_name":"PU-Detector: A PU Learning-based Framework for Real Money Trading Detection in MMORPG","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390393161","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3638561"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3638561","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3638561","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S41523882","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Knowledge Discovery from Data","issn_l":"1556-4681","issn":["1556-4681","1556-472X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Knowledge Discovery from Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100449845","display_name":"Yilin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0776-6215"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yilin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Zhejiang University, and State Key Laboratory of Brain-machine Intelligence, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0776-6215","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Zhejiang University, and State Key Laboratory of Brain-machine Intelligence, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062767761","display_name":"Sha Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4628-5198"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091137","display_name":"NetEase (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00fp6fj05","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210091137"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sha Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Zhejiang University, and State Key Laboratory of Brain-machine Intelligence, China","Fuxi AI Lab, NetEase Games, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4628-5198","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Zhejiang University, and State Key Laboratory of Brain-machine Intelligence, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fuxi AI Lab, NetEase Games, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091137"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101579269","display_name":"Shiwei Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1017-5897"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091137","display_name":"NetEase (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00fp6fj05","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210091137"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiwei Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Zhejiang University, and State Key Laboratory of Brain-machine Intelligence, China","Fuxi AI Lab, NetEase Games, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1017-5897","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Zhejiang University, and State Key Laboratory of Brain-machine Intelligence, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fuxi AI Lab, NetEase Games, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091137"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069512988","display_name":"Runze Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6986-5825"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091137","display_name":"NetEase (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00fp6fj05","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210091137"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Runze Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fuxi AI Lab, NetEase Games, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6986-5825","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fuxi AI Lab, NetEase Games, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091137"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101682587","display_name":"Yuhong Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3705-4945"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091137","display_name":"NetEase (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00fp6fj05","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210091137"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuhong Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fuxi AI Lab, NetEase Games, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3705-4945","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fuxi AI Lab, NetEase Games, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091137"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034278506","display_name":"Jianrong Tao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1807-9522"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091137","display_name":"NetEase (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00fp6fj05","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210091137"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianrong Tao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fuxi AI Lab, NetEase Games, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1807-9522","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fuxi AI Lab, NetEase Games, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091137"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081297475","display_name":"Tangjie Lv","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9858-809X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091137","display_name":"NetEase (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00fp6fj05","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210091137"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tangjie Lv","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fuxi AI Lab, NetEase Games, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9858-809X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fuxi AI Lab, NetEase Games, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091137"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103196339","display_name":"Shijian Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5846-3065"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shijian Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Zhejiang University, and State Key Laboratory of Brain-machine Intelligence, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5846-3065","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Zhejiang University, and State Key Laboratory of Brain-machine Intelligence, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101779299","display_name":"Zhipeng Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4367-0816"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091137","display_name":"NetEase (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00fp6fj05","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210091137"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhipeng Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fuxi AI Lab, NetEase Games, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4367-0816","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fuxi AI Lab, NetEase Games, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091137"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084291326","display_name":"Gang Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4049-6181"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gang Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Zhejiang University, and State Key Laboratory of Brain-machine Intelligence, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4049-6181","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Zhejiang University, and State Key Laboratory of Brain-machine Intelligence, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7046,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75853503,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"4","first_page":"1","last_page":"26"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.9876999855041504,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.9876999855041504,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12761","display_name":"Data Stream Mining Techniques","score":0.9805999994277954,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.9761999845504761,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5345526933670044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.49597224593162537}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5345526933670044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.49597224593162537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3638561","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3638561","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S41523882","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Knowledge Discovery from Data","issn_l":"1556-4681","issn":["1556-4681","1556-472X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Knowledge Discovery from Data","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","score":0.4399999976158142}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3775886161","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61925603","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6059964893","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"STI 2030","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6403541832","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022C01011","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F8142712028","funder_display_name":"Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F8142712028","display_name":"Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W49716549","https://openalex.org/W618024573","https://openalex.org/W2047940964","https://openalex.org/W2123958887","https://openalex.org/W2131681506","https://openalex.org/W2132202037","https://openalex.org/W2132442585","https://openalex.org/W2154455818","https://openalex.org/W2189313916","https://openalex.org/W2296988146","https://openalex.org/W2525579820","https://openalex.org/W2548381605","https://openalex.org/W2592405887","https://openalex.org/W2593576259","https://openalex.org/W2594645841","https://openalex.org/W2597458602","https://openalex.org/W2611425310","https://openalex.org/W2616198738","https://openalex.org/W2746791238","https://openalex.org/W2767250043","https://openalex.org/W2807689990","https://openalex.org/W2886654930","https://openalex.org/W2899867782","https://openalex.org/W2950512641","https://openalex.org/W2963341628","https://openalex.org/W2963819344","https://openalex.org/W3003433186","https://openalex.org/W3089394919","https://openalex.org/W3099768174","https://openalex.org/W3155847154","https://openalex.org/W3211094980","https://openalex.org/W4244047055","https://openalex.org/W4251184721","https://openalex.org/W4254155307","https://openalex.org/W4255194165","https://openalex.org/W4285123252","https://openalex.org/W4285271941","https://openalex.org/W4285581227","https://openalex.org/W4286863882","https://openalex.org/W4297813944","https://openalex.org/W6682494755"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W2366906938","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W2478288626","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2350741829"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Massive":[0],"multiplayer":[1],"online":[2,16],"role-playing":[3],"games":[4],"(MMORPG)":[5],"have":[6,70],"been":[7],"becoming":[8],"one":[9,178],"of":[10,43,57,76,177,241],"the":[11,33,41,55,58,64,74,84,114,158,175,197,214,226,256],"most":[12],"popular":[13],"and":[14,31,62,99,151,167,189,217,259],"exciting":[15],"games.":[17],"In":[18,135],"recent":[19],"years,":[20],"a":[21,122,141,205,235],"cheating":[22],"phenomenon":[23],"called":[24],"real":[25,52,237],"money":[26],"trading":[27,115,206,219],"(RMT)":[28],"has":[29],"arisen":[30],"damaged":[32],"fantasy":[34],"world":[35,238],"in":[36,88,121,263],"many":[37],"ways.":[38],"RMT":[39,77,95,106,155,165,181,223,266],"is":[40,119,232],"sale":[42],"in-game":[44],"items,":[45],"currency,":[46],"or":[47,108],"even":[48],"characters":[49],"to":[50,72,126,203,208],"earn":[51],"money,":[53],"breaking":[54],"balance":[56],"game":[59,65],"economy":[60],"ecosystem":[61],"damaging":[63],"experience.":[66],"Therefore,":[67],"some":[68,127],"studies":[69],"emerged":[71],"address":[73],"problem":[75,87],"detection.":[78],"However,":[79],"they":[80],"cannot":[81],"well":[82],"handle":[83],"label":[85],"uncertainty":[86],"practice,":[89],"where":[90],"there":[91,161],"are":[92,162],"only":[93,163],"labeled":[94,164],"samples":[96,107,166,224],"(positive":[97],"samples)":[98],"unlabeled":[100,152,169],"samples,":[101],"which":[102],"could":[103],"either":[104],"be":[105],"normal":[109,128],"transactions":[110,129],"(negative":[111],"samples).":[112],"Meanwhile,":[113],"relationship":[116],"between":[117],"RMTers":[118],"modeled":[120],"simple":[123],"way,":[124],"leading":[125],"being":[130,180],"falsely":[131],"classified":[132],"as":[133,200],"RMT.":[134],"this":[136],"article,":[137],"we":[138,195,221],"propose":[139],"PU-Detector,":[140],"novel":[142],"framework":[143],"based":[144],"on":[145,234],"PU":[146,186,228],"learning":[147,187,229],"(learning":[148],"from":[149],"positive":[150],"data)":[153],"for":[154],"detection,":[156],"considering":[157],"fact":[159],"that":[160],"other":[168,252],"transactions.":[170],"We":[171],"first":[172],"automatically":[173],"estimate":[174],"likelihood":[176,199],"transaction":[179,243],"by":[182,225,246],"developing":[183],"an":[184,191],"improved":[185,227],"method":[188],"proposing":[190],"assessment":[192],"rule.":[193],"Sequentially,":[194],"use":[196],"estimated":[198],"edge":[201],"weight":[202],"construct":[204],"graph":[207],"learn":[209],"trader":[210,215],"representation.":[211],"Then,":[212],"with":[213,251],"representations":[216],"basic":[218],"features,":[220],"detect":[222],"method.":[230],"PU-Detector":[231],"evaluated":[233],"large-scale":[236],"dataset":[239],"consisting":[240],"33,809,956":[242],"logs":[244],"generated":[245],"43,217":[247],"unique":[248],"players.":[249],"Compared":[250],"approaches,":[253],"it":[254],"achieves":[255],"state-of-the-art":[257],"performance":[258],"demonstrates":[260],"its":[261],"advantages":[262],"detecting":[264],"underlying":[265],"samples.":[267]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
