{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391979511","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3638550.3641136","title":"OptiBreathe: An Earable-based PPG System for Continuous Respiration Rate, Breathing Phase, and Tidal Volume Monitoring","display_name":"OptiBreathe: An Earable-based PPG System for Continuous Respiration Rate, Breathing Phase, and Tidal Volume Monitoring","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-02-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391979511","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3638550.3641136"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3638550.3641136","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3638550.3641136","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 25th International Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018271577","display_name":"Julia Romero","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5635-5407"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julia Romero","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5635-5407","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018695416","display_name":"Andrea Ferlini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0768-4735"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098141","display_name":"Nokia (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/00zpf0626","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077","https://openalex.org/I4210098141"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Ferlini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nokia Bell Labs, Cambridge, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0768-4735","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nokia Bell Labs, Cambridge, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098141"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030362528","display_name":"Dimitris Spathis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9761-951X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098141","display_name":"Nokia (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/00zpf0626","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077","https://openalex.org/I4210098141"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dimitris Spathis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nokia Bell Labs, Cambridge, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9761-951X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nokia Bell Labs, Cambridge, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098141"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071116593","display_name":"Ting Dang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3806-1493"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098141","display_name":"Nokia (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/00zpf0626","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077","https://openalex.org/I4210098141"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ting Dang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nokia Bell Labs, Cambridge, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3806-1493","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nokia Bell Labs, Cambridge, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098141"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077531047","display_name":"Katayoun Farrahi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6775-127X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Katayoun Farrahi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6775-127X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053438231","display_name":"Fahim Kawsar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5057-9557"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098141","display_name":"Nokia (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/00zpf0626","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077","https://openalex.org/I4210098141"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fahim Kawsar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nokia Bell Labs, Cambridge, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5057-9557","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nokia Bell Labs, Cambridge, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098141"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101566671","display_name":"Alessandro Montanari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4444-6242"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098141","display_name":"Nokia (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/00zpf0626","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077","https://openalex.org/I4210098141"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessandro Montanari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nokia Bell Labs, Cambridge, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4444-6242","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nokia Bell Labs, Cambridge, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098141"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1162,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86188463,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"99","last_page":"106"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10234","display_name":"Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10322","display_name":"Respiratory Support and Mechanisms","score":0.988099992275238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exhalation","display_name":"Exhalation","score":0.8490999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tidal-volume","display_name":"Tidal volume","score":0.7286481857299805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photoplethysmogram","display_name":"Photoplethysmogram","score":0.6823594570159912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/respiratory-rate","display_name":"Respiratory rate","score":0.6457456350326538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ventilation","display_name":"Ventilation (architecture)","score":0.5675389766693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5275960564613342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plethysmograph","display_name":"Plethysmograph","score":0.48969581723213196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/respiration","display_name":"Respiration","score":0.4388035237789154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/respiratory-system","display_name":"Respiratory system","score":0.4172837734222412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/respiratory-physiology","display_name":"Respiratory physiology","score":0.4170433282852173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/respiratory-minute-volume","display_name":"Respiratory minute volume","score":0.41607287526130676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.3520469069480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.2959871292114258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiology","display_name":"Cardiology","score":0.20979169011116028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1657387912273407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.15318769216537476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.15162071585655212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heart-rate","display_name":"Heart rate","score":0.15103206038475037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anesthesia","display_name":"Anesthesia","score":0.1281590461730957}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43396882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2197000","display_name":"Exhalation","level":2,"score":0.8490999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777257755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3493813","display_name":"Tidal volume","level":3,"score":0.7286481857299805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116390426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187885","display_name":"Photoplethysmogram","level":3,"score":0.6823594570159912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8213797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q754250","display_name":"Respiratory rate","level":4,"score":0.6457456350326538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200457457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q584049","display_name":"Ventilation (architecture)","level":2,"score":0.5675389766693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5275960564613342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73362275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181277","display_name":"Plethysmograph","level":2,"score":0.48969581723213196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182215343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q472287","display_name":"Respiration","level":2,"score":0.4388035237789154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C534529494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7891","display_name":"Respiratory system","level":2,"score":0.4172837734222412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163498912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q472287","display_name":"Respiratory physiology","level":3,"score":0.4170433282852173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79959777","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q754333","display_name":"Respiratory minute volume","level":3,"score":0.41607287526130676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3520469069480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2959871292114258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.20979169011116028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1657387912273407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.15318769216537476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.15162071585655212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777953023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1073121","display_name":"Heart rate","level":3,"score":0.15103206038475037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42219234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130","display_name":"Anesthesia","level":1,"score":0.1281590461730957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84393581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82642","display_name":"Blood pressure","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3638550.3641136","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3638550.3641136","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 25th International Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.soton.ac.uk:501134","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1145/3638550.3641136>).","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401019","display_name":"ePrints Soton (University of Southampton)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","host_organization_name":"University of Southampton","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1480843843","https://openalex.org/W1993871899","https://openalex.org/W1998391547","https://openalex.org/W2020831098","https://openalex.org/W2023573406","https://openalex.org/W2075109859","https://openalex.org/W2097721391","https://openalex.org/W2332611501","https://openalex.org/W2443322392","https://openalex.org/W2760212863","https://openalex.org/W2783677199","https://openalex.org/W2785835523","https://openalex.org/W3006906930","https://openalex.org/W3009004195","https://openalex.org/W3046588818","https://openalex.org/W3106327490","https://openalex.org/W3107517764","https://openalex.org/W3172320699","https://openalex.org/W4205678932","https://openalex.org/W4210672933","https://openalex.org/W4224917913","https://openalex.org/W4243704736","https://openalex.org/W4252754822","https://openalex.org/W4287557994","https://openalex.org/W4288073515","https://openalex.org/W4291711278","https://openalex.org/W4320519676","https://openalex.org/W4380087161","https://openalex.org/W4382723857","https://openalex.org/W4387212420","https://openalex.org/W4387421120","https://openalex.org/W4389224631","https://openalex.org/W4390825909","https://openalex.org/W7064454572"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2732360296","https://openalex.org/W1994871954","https://openalex.org/W4297152434","https://openalex.org/W2072858761","https://openalex.org/W2414028099","https://openalex.org/W2414250197","https://openalex.org/W2314420207","https://openalex.org/W2144233464","https://openalex.org/W2745829392","https://openalex.org/W2120376142"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,22,58],"the":[1,6,36,167,182,196],"continuous":[2,51],"quest":[3],"to":[4,34,61,76,87,100,209],"push":[5],"boundaries":[7],"of":[8,112,131,155],"mobile":[9],"healthcare":[10],"and":[11,65,93,124,147,176,187,198],"fitness":[12],"tracking,":[13],"monitoring":[14,54],"respiratory":[15,37,47,52,63,103,118,205],"biomarkers":[16,48],"emerges":[17],"as":[18],"a":[19,28,70,106,148],"pivotal":[20],"frontier.":[21],"this":[23],"paper,":[24],"we":[25,68,191,194],"present":[26],"OptiBreathe,":[27],"lightweight":[29],"on-device":[30],"earable":[31,66],"system":[32],"designed":[33],"decode":[35],"modulations":[38],"within":[39],"photoplethysmography":[40],"(PPG)":[41],"signals.":[42],"OptiBreathe":[43,96,127],"computes":[44],"three":[45],"clinical":[46],"towards":[49],"enabling":[50],"health":[53],"with":[55],"wearable":[56],"devices.":[57],"our":[59,212],"effort":[60],"bridge":[62],"research":[64,179],"computing,":[67],"collected":[69],"first-of-its-kind":[71],"dataset":[72],"that":[73,166,177],"empowers":[74],"researchers":[75,208],"explore":[77],"in-ear":[78],"PPG":[79,202],"alongside":[80],"gold-standard":[81],"spirometry-based":[82],"ground":[83],"truth":[84],"in":[85,200],"order":[86],"measure":[88,101],"respiration":[89],"rate,":[90],"breathing":[91,122],"phases,":[92],"tidal":[94,125,158],"volume.":[95],"employs":[97],"multiple":[98],"algorithms":[99],"each":[102],"parameter,":[104],"achieving":[105],"best":[107,149,168],"mean":[108,150],"absolute":[109,151],"error":[110,153],"(MAE)":[111],"1.96":[113],"breaths":[114],"per":[115],"minute":[116],"on":[117,134,138,157,172],"rate.":[119],"When":[120],"estimating":[121],"phases":[123],"volume,":[126],"attains":[128],"an":[129],"MAE":[130],"0.48":[132],"seconds":[133],"inspiratory":[135],"time,":[136],"0.14":[137],"inhalation-exhalation":[139],"ratio":[140],"(inhalation":[141],"duration":[142],"divided":[143],"by":[144],"exhalation":[145],"duration),":[146],"percentage":[152],"(MAPE)":[154],"17%":[156],"volume":[159],"(averaged":[160],"across":[161],"subjects).":[162],"This":[163],"work":[164],"shows":[165],"performing":[169],"algorithm":[170,188],"depends":[171],"individuals'":[173],"unique":[174],"physiology,":[175],"future":[178],"should":[180],"investigate":[181],"relationship":[183],"between":[184],"physiological":[185],"factors":[186],"performances.":[189],"As":[190],"look":[192],"forward,":[193],"highlight":[195],"challenges":[197],"nuances":[199],"harnessing":[201],"sensors":[203],"for":[204],"monitoring,":[206],"inviting":[207],"build":[210],"upon":[211],"work.":[213]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}