{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391979509","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3638550.3641133","title":"Crowdotic: A Privacy-Preserving Hospital Waiting Room Crowd Density Estimation with Non-speech Audio","display_name":"Crowdotic: A Privacy-Preserving Hospital Waiting Room Crowd Density Estimation with Non-speech Audio","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-02-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391979509","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3638550.3641133"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3638550.3641133","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3638550.3641133","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3638550.3641133","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 25th International Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3638550.3641133","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101563958","display_name":"Forsad Al Hossain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9862-2255"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177605424","display_name":"Amherst College","ror":"https://ror.org/028vqfs63","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177605424"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Forsad Al Hossain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Manning College of Information & Computer Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9862-2255","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Manning College of Information & Computer Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177605424","https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057156771","display_name":"M Tanjid Hasan Tonmoy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6305-7165"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M Tanjid Hasan Tonmoy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hal\u0131c\u0131o\u011flu Data Science Institute, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6305-7165","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hal\u0131c\u0131o\u011flu Data Science Institute, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050623203","display_name":"Andrew A. Lover","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2181-3559"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Lover","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2181-3559","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017967637","display_name":"George A. Corey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9733-2347"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George Corey","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Health Services, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9733-2347","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Health Services, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014618438","display_name":"Mohammad Arif Ul Alam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2240-0916"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133738476","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Lowell","ror":"https://ror.org/03hamhx47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133738476"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Arif Ul Alam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Miner School of Computer & Information Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2240-0916","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Miner School of Computer & Information Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133738476"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101486879","display_name":"Tauhidur Rahman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1981-6395"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tauhidur Rahman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hal\u0131c\u0131o\u011flu Data Science Institute, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1981-6395","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hal\u0131c\u0131o\u011flu Data Science Institute, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101563958"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177605424","https://openalex.org/I24603500"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2381,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.44866943,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"79","last_page":"85"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9860000014305115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7904438972473145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microphone","display_name":"Microphone","score":0.66408371925354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-coding","display_name":"Speech coding","score":0.49904823303222656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.4951452314853668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differential-privacy","display_name":"Differential privacy","score":0.47903314232826233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voice-activity-detection","display_name":"Voice activity detection","score":0.44997626543045044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-processing","display_name":"Speech processing","score":0.254570871591568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.24158897995948792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1317032277584076}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7904438972473145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778263558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46384","display_name":"Microphone","level":3,"score":0.66408371925354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13895895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3270773","display_name":"Speech coding","level":2,"score":0.49904823303222656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4951452314853668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23130292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5275358","display_name":"Differential privacy","level":2,"score":0.47903314232826233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204201278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1332614","display_name":"Voice activity detection","level":3,"score":0.44997626543045044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61328038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3358061","display_name":"Speech processing","level":2,"score":0.254570871591568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.24158897995948792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1317032277584076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68115822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068172","display_name":"Sound pressure","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3638550.3641133","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3638550.3641133","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3638550.3641133","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 25th International Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3638550.3641133","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3638550.3641133","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3638550.3641133","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 25th International Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.7200000286102295,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4391979509.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4391979509.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2046317813","https://openalex.org/W2049163084","https://openalex.org/W2066099897","https://openalex.org/W2088149698","https://openalex.org/W2171679232","https://openalex.org/W3011285251","https://openalex.org/W3143712898","https://openalex.org/W3213348364","https://openalex.org/W4205228770","https://openalex.org/W4238092780","https://openalex.org/W4318818743","https://openalex.org/W4366819758","https://openalex.org/W4366966561"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W107154053","https://openalex.org/W191108438","https://openalex.org/W3135230428","https://openalex.org/W2496295964","https://openalex.org/W2904739811","https://openalex.org/W2122030153","https://openalex.org/W1976952689","https://openalex.org/W2120730869","https://openalex.org/W1911859126","https://openalex.org/W2541680182"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"While":[0],"passive":[1],"audio":[2,41,80,119,157],"recording":[3],"of":[4,64,74,89,106,154,168],"a":[5,35,48,65,72,102,110],"crowd":[6,10,44],"contains":[7],"information":[8],"about":[9],"density,":[11],"such":[12],"algorithm":[13],"has":[14],"limited":[15],"applicability":[16],"in":[17,47,60],"hospital":[18,49,67],"and":[19,38,81,87,171],"clinical":[20],"spaces":[21],"with":[22,68,108],"higher":[23],"privacy":[24,140,145,174,178],"expectations.":[25],"In":[26,124],"this":[27],"preliminary":[28,149],"work,":[29],"we":[30,55,134],"propose":[31],"Crowdotic":[32],"that":[33,96],"uses":[34],"transformer-based":[36],"model":[37],"exclusively":[39],"non-speech":[40,79,117,156],"segments":[42],"for":[43,84,159],"density":[45],"estimation":[46],"waiting":[50,62],"room.":[51],"To":[52],"accomplish":[53],"this,":[54],"deployed":[56],"our":[57,90,148],"sensor-based":[58],"platform":[59],"the":[61,85,152,166],"room":[63],"large":[66],"IRB":[69],"approval":[70],"over":[71],"period":[73],"several":[75],"months":[76],"to":[77,100,116,121,126,142],"capture":[78],"thermal":[82],"images":[83],"training":[86],"evaluation":[88],"models.":[91],"Our":[92],"proposed":[93],"approach":[94],"shows":[95],"it":[97],"is":[98],"possible":[99],"achieve":[101],"reasonably":[103],"high":[104],"degree":[105],"accuracy":[107],"just":[109],"single":[111],"microphone":[112],"which":[113],"can":[114],"listen":[115],"based":[118],"compared":[120],"other":[122],"baselines.":[123],"addition":[125],"demonstrating":[127],"superior":[128],"performance":[129],"without":[130],"utilizing":[131],"speech":[132],"audio,":[133],"conduct":[135],"further":[136],"analysis":[137],"using":[138],"differential":[139,177],"techniques":[141],"provide":[143],"additional":[144],"guarantees.":[146,179],"Overall,":[147],"work":[150],"demonstrates":[151],"viability":[153],"employing":[155],"data":[158],"accurate":[160],"occupancy":[161],"estimation,":[162],"while":[163],"also":[164],"ensuring":[165],"exclusion":[167],"speech-related":[169],"content":[170],"providing":[172],"robust":[173],"protections":[175],"through":[176]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}