{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400412177","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3638529.3654056","title":"Large Language Model-based Test Case Generation for GP Agents","display_name":"Large Language Model-based Test Case Generation for GP Agents","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-07-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400412177","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3638529.3654056"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3638529.3654056","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3638529.3654056","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608932","display_name":"Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3638529.3654056","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046067728","display_name":"Steven Jorgensen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7782-0969"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110987","display_name":"IIT@MIT","ror":"https://ror.org/01wp8zh54","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I30771326","https://openalex.org/I4210110987"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122954","display_name":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/022z6jk58","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steven Jorgensen","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Lexington, MA, USA","MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7782-0969","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Lexington, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110987"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060709308","display_name":"Giorgia Nadizar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3535-9748"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142444530","display_name":"University of Trieste","ror":"https://ror.org/02n742c10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142444530"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giorgia Nadizar","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3535-9748","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142444530"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079625205","display_name":"Gloria Pietropolli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7623-8419"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142444530","display_name":"University of Trieste","ror":"https://ror.org/02n742c10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142444530"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gloria Pietropolli","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7623-8419","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142444530"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064452080","display_name":"Luca Manzoni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6312-7728"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142444530","display_name":"University of Trieste","ror":"https://ror.org/02n742c10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142444530"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luca Manzoni","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6312-7728","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142444530"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074055647","display_name":"Eric Medvet","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5652-2113"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142444530","display_name":"University of Trieste","ror":"https://ror.org/02n742c10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142444530"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric Medvet","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5652-2113","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142444530"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000646181","display_name":"Una-May O\u2019Reilly","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6923-8445"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110987","display_name":"IIT@MIT","ror":"https://ror.org/01wp8zh54","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I30771326","https://openalex.org/I4210110987"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Una-May O'Reilly","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6923-8445","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110987"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042705542","display_name":"Erik Hemberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2153-3506"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110987","display_name":"IIT@MIT","ror":"https://ror.org/01wp8zh54","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I30771326","https://openalex.org/I4210110987"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erik Hemberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2153-3506","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110987"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.058,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92307692,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"914","last_page":"923"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.984499990940094,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.984499990940094,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.977400004863739,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9531999826431274,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7052145600318909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test","display_name":"Test (biology)","score":0.6058217883110046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5345890522003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.49571025371551514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.44471219182014465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.4242326021194458}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7052145600318909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6058217883110046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5345890522003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.49571025371551514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.44471219182014465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.4242326021194458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3638529.3654056","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3638529.3654056","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608932","display_name":"Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/155922","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/155922","pdf_url":"https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/1721.1/155922/1/3638529.3654056.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400425","display_name":"DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","host_organization_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","raw_type":"http://purl.org/eprint/type/ConferencePaper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arts.units.it:11368/3084242","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3638529.3654056","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400480","display_name":"ArTS Archivio della ricerca di Trieste (University of Trieste https://www.units.it/)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I142444530","host_organization_name":"University of Trieste","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142444530"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3638529.3654056","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3638529.3654056","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608932","display_name":"Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1481541785","https://openalex.org/W1496574894","https://openalex.org/W1535865934","https://openalex.org/W1572584819","https://openalex.org/W1995137594","https://openalex.org/W2086661052","https://openalex.org/W2115668428","https://openalex.org/W2125362012","https://openalex.org/W2142377488","https://openalex.org/W2151834591","https://openalex.org/W2296073425","https://openalex.org/W2563424741","https://openalex.org/W2593280677","https://openalex.org/W2604908377","https://openalex.org/W2724228633","https://openalex.org/W2741594138","https://openalex.org/W2792317186","https://openalex.org/W2887842788","https://openalex.org/W2897077308","https://openalex.org/W2954700257","https://openalex.org/W2962976158","https://openalex.org/W2963773324","https://openalex.org/W2963890729","https://openalex.org/W2967131053","https://openalex.org/W3005431655","https://openalex.org/W3042382406","https://openalex.org/W3089353688","https://openalex.org/W3091212712","https://openalex.org/W3101587977","https://openalex.org/W3123742938","https://openalex.org/W3133702157","https://openalex.org/W3142849873","https://openalex.org/W3193783858","https://openalex.org/W3207569066","https://openalex.org/W4221152145","https://openalex.org/W4226043654","https://openalex.org/W4281485151","https://openalex.org/W4301102534","https://openalex.org/W4363651325","https://openalex.org/W4382246105","https://openalex.org/W4385725393","https://openalex.org/W4388139328","https://openalex.org/W4390874280","https://openalex.org/W4395093927","https://openalex.org/W4400412639","https://openalex.org/W4402480400","https://openalex.org/W4403406779","https://openalex.org/W6792244340"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2169518243","https://openalex.org/W641782856","https://openalex.org/W24443521","https://openalex.org/W2471323292","https://openalex.org/W2296759459","https://openalex.org/W2045139758","https://openalex.org/W4205202004","https://openalex.org/W2188047296","https://openalex.org/W2352527711","https://openalex.org/W3204019825"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Genetic":[0],"programming":[1],"(GP)":[2],"is":[3],"a":[4,114,125,133,140],"popular":[5],"problem-solving":[6],"and":[7,17,84,102,136,148],"optimization":[8],"technique.":[9],"However,":[10],"generating":[11],"effective":[12,48,96],"test":[13,68,97,119],"cases":[14,69,98,120],"for":[15,132,139,154],"training":[16],"evaluating":[18],"GP":[19,26,126],"programs":[20,27],"requires":[21,61],"strong":[22,86],"domain":[23,82],"knowledge.":[24],"Furthermore,":[25],"often":[28],"prematurely":[29],"converge":[30],"on":[31],"local":[32],"optima":[33],"when":[34],"given":[35],"excessively":[36],"difficult":[37,67],"problems":[38],"early":[39],"in":[40,49],"their":[41,73],"training.":[42],"Curriculum":[43],"learning":[44,56],"(CL)":[45],"has":[46],"been":[47],"addressing":[50],"similar":[51],"issues":[52],"across":[53],"different":[54],"reinforcement":[55],"(RL)":[57],"domains,":[58],"but":[59],"it":[60],"the":[62,81,85,146],"manual":[63],"generation":[64],"of":[65,89,99,150],"progressively":[66],"as":[70,72],"well":[71],"careful":[74],"scheduling.":[75],"In":[76],"this":[77,152],"work,":[78],"we":[79,121,144],"leverage":[80],"knowledge":[83],"generative":[87],"abilities":[88],"large":[90],"language":[91],"models":[92],"(LLMs)":[93],"to":[94,106],"generate":[95],"increasing":[100],"difficulties":[101],"schedule":[103],"them":[104],"according":[105],"various":[107],"curricula.":[108],"We":[109],"show":[110],"that":[111],"by":[112],"integrating":[113],"curriculum":[115],"scheduler":[116],"with":[117,129],"LLM-generated":[118],"can":[122],"effectively":[123],"train":[124],"agent":[127],"player":[128],"environments-based":[130],"curricula":[131,138],"single-player":[134],"game":[135],"opponent-based":[137],"multi-player":[141],"game.":[142],"Finally,":[143],"discuss":[145],"benefits":[147],"challenges":[149],"implementing":[151],"method":[153],"other":[155],"problem":[156],"domains.":[157]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
