{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389675214","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3637488","title":"WA-Zone: Wear-Aware Zone Management Optimization for LSM-Tree on ZNS SSDs","display_name":"WA-Zone: Wear-Aware Zone Management Optimization for LSM-Tree on ZNS SSDs","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389675214","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3637488"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3637488","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3637488","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3637488","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S26056741","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization","issn_l":"1544-3566","issn":["1544-3566","1544-3973"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3637488","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103256437","display_name":"Linbo Long","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1966-0714"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Linbo Long","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102018095","display_name":"Shuiyong He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6806-8325"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuiyong He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085167890","display_name":"Jingcheng Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2090-159X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingcheng Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087316515","display_name":"Renping Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8223-7105"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Renping Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039880553","display_name":"Zhenhua Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4712-7893"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenhua Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074736782","display_name":"Congming Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2611-2652"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Congming Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xiamen University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xiamen University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100675843","display_name":"Duo Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3040-2065"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Duo Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chongqing University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101516109","display_name":"Kan Zhong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5278-0406"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250955327","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00cmhce21","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kan Zhong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huawei Technologies, Co., Ltd., China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huawei Technologies, Co., Ltd., China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102791563","display_name":"Yi Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6951-6296"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103256437"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.1936,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94686176,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"23"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.9883999824523926,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9674999713897705,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7124422788619995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.44187527894973755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.4180522561073303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-engineering","display_name":"Process engineering","score":0.33945223689079285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-science","display_name":"Computational science","score":0.33385181427001953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.06973308324813843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.067594975233078}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7124422788619995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.44187527894973755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.4180522561073303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.33945223689079285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C459310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117801","display_name":"Computational science","level":1,"score":0.33385181427001953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.06973308324813843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.067594975233078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3637488","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3637488","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3637488","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S26056741","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization","issn_l":"1544-3566","issn":["1544-3566","1544-3973"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3637488","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3637488","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3637488","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S26056741","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization","issn_l":"1544-3566","issn":["1544-3566","1544-3973"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1121271761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1209685435","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62102219, 61902045 and 62172067","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3181527954","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62172067","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4707571898","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CSTB2022NSCQ-LZX0074","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7588648753","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"cstc2021jcyj-msxmX0530","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8124753942","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61902045","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8524746985","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NSCQ-","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8712583402","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62102219","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327639","display_name":"Centre Scientifique et Technique du B\u00e2timent","ror":"https://ror.org/02fsd1928"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389675214.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389675214.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2155256331","https://openalex.org/W2518164973","https://openalex.org/W2606701126","https://openalex.org/W2918008835","https://openalex.org/W2945763405","https://openalex.org/W2948051378","https://openalex.org/W2956336315","https://openalex.org/W2963379900","https://openalex.org/W3081387028","https://openalex.org/W3098583838","https://openalex.org/W3172127112","https://openalex.org/W3198931989","https://openalex.org/W3205311962","https://openalex.org/W3207452942","https://openalex.org/W4206225924","https://openalex.org/W4206456727","https://openalex.org/W4210935468","https://openalex.org/W4283372300","https://openalex.org/W4283397468","https://openalex.org/W4283400287","https://openalex.org/W4285210345","https://openalex.org/W4309647923","https://openalex.org/W4310551397","https://openalex.org/W4312581314","https://openalex.org/W4313318685","https://openalex.org/W4319297788","https://openalex.org/W4383816111","https://openalex.org/W4383816366","https://openalex.org/W4383816991"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W2350741829","https://openalex.org/W2530322880","https://openalex.org/W1596801655","https://openalex.org/W2405661381"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ZNS":[0,123],"SSDs":[1],"divide":[2],"the":[3,40,63,74,79,96,100,151,170,198,202,206,213],"storage":[4],"space":[5],"into":[6,33],"sequential-write":[7,19],"zones,":[8],"reducing":[9],"costs":[10],"of":[11,21,44,54,65,76,87,103,150,180],"DRAM":[12],"utilization,":[13],"garbage":[14],"collection,":[15],"and":[16,56,119],"over-provisioning.":[17],"The":[18,70],"feature":[20],"zones":[22,142],"is":[23,131,161,192],"well-suited":[24],"for":[25],"LSM-based":[26],"databases,":[27],"where":[28],"random":[29],"writes":[30,35],"are":[31],"organized":[32],"sequential":[34],"to":[36,115,134,141,163,176],"improve":[37],"performance.":[38],"However,":[39],"current":[41,80],"compaction":[42],"mechanism":[43],"LSM-tree":[45],"results":[46,195],"in":[47,62,122,185],"widely":[48],"varying":[49],"access":[50,101],"frequencies":[51],"(i.e.,":[52],"hotness)":[53],"data":[55,137],"thus":[57],"incurs":[58],"an":[59,147,177],"extreme":[60],"imbalance":[61,71],"distribution":[64,149,179],"erasure":[66,152,181],"counts":[67,153,182],"across":[68,154,183],"zones.":[69,155],"significantly":[72],"limits":[73],"lifetime":[75,208],"SSDs.":[77,124],"Moreover,":[78],"zone-reset":[81,159,172],"method":[82,160,173],"involves":[83],"a":[84,108,127,157,186,188],"large":[85],"number":[86],"unnecessary":[88,165],"erase":[89,166],"operations":[90],"on":[91,197],"unused":[92],"blocks,":[93],"further":[94],"shortening":[95],"SSD":[97],"lifetime.":[98],"Considering":[99],"pattern":[102],"LSM-tree,":[104],"this":[105],"article":[106],"proposes":[107],"wear-aware":[109,128,189],"zone-management":[110],"technique,":[111],"termed":[112],"WA-Zone":[113,204],",":[114],"effectively":[116],"balance":[117],"inter-":[118],"intra-zone":[120],"wear":[121],"In":[125],"WA-Zone,":[126],"zone":[129],"allocator":[130,191],"first":[132],"proposed":[133,203],"dynamically":[135],"allocate":[136],"with":[138,143,212],"different":[139],"hotness":[140],"corresponding":[144],"lifetimes,":[145],"enabling":[146],"even":[148],"Then,":[156],"partial-erase-based":[158],"presented":[162],"avoid":[164],"operations.":[167],"Furthermore,":[168],"because":[169],"novel":[171],"might":[174],"lead":[175],"unbalanced":[178],"blocks":[184],"zone,":[187],"block":[190],"proposed.":[193],"Experimental":[194],"based":[196],"FEMU":[199],"emulator":[200],"demonstrate":[201],"enhances":[205],"ZNS-SSD":[207],"by":[209],"5.23\u00d7,":[210],"compared":[211],"baseline":[214],"scheme.":[215]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
