{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4396241519","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3637311","title":"Concept of Operations as Epistemic Object: The Sociotechnical Design Roles of a Systems Engineering Document","display_name":"Concept of Operations as Epistemic Object: The Sociotechnical Design Roles of a Systems Engineering Document","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-04-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4396241519","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3637311"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3637311","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3637311","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183893","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","issn_l":"2573-0142","issn":["2573-0142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3637311","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084648180","display_name":"Ridley Jones","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3484-997X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ridley Jones LeDoux","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3484-997X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016966514","display_name":"Charlotte P. Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7884-2978"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charlotte P. Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7884-2978","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004979407","display_name":"Sucheta Ghoshal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9990-7221"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sucheta Ghoshal","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9990-7221","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001873130","display_name":"Mark Haselkorn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2649-091X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Haselkorn","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2649-091X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6433,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90153719,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"CSCW1","first_page":"1","last_page":"31"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11024","display_name":"Information Systems Theories and Implementation","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11024","display_name":"Information Systems Theories and Implementation","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12000","display_name":"Systems Engineering Methodologies and Applications","score":0.9886000156402588,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociotechnical-system","display_name":"Sociotechnical system","score":0.903923511505127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-supported-cooperative-work","display_name":"Computer-supported cooperative work","score":0.7102928161621094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5648053884506226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.5021047592163086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.46562832593917847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.4488150477409363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4228897988796234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.42279112339019775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.37968316674232483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management-science","display_name":"Management science","score":0.3444395661354065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.23718109726905823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.07905781269073486}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127627568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1639361","display_name":"Sociotechnical system","level":2,"score":0.903923511505127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198439703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1461602","display_name":"Computer-supported cooperative work","level":3,"score":0.7102928161621094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5648053884506226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.5021047592163086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.46562832593917847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4488150477409363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4228897988796234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.42279112339019775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.37968316674232483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.3444395661354065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.23718109726905823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.07905781269073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3637311","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3637311","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183893","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","issn_l":"2573-0142","issn":["2573-0142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3637311","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3637311","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183893","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","issn_l":"2573-0142","issn":["2573-0142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":0.550000011920929,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2097170848","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"T1461-70","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323817","funder_display_name":"Universitas Brawijaya"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5786939816","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"12914594","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323817","funder_display_name":"Universitas Brawijaya"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323817","display_name":"Universitas Brawijaya","ror":"https://ror.org/01wk3d929"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1520980263","https://openalex.org/W1559026729","https://openalex.org/W1715517255","https://openalex.org/W1991534622","https://openalex.org/W2027420303","https://openalex.org/W2069592800","https://openalex.org/W2073568224","https://openalex.org/W2083209334","https://openalex.org/W2112478686","https://openalex.org/W2112665591","https://openalex.org/W2132115418","https://openalex.org/W2150345082","https://openalex.org/W2168341514","https://openalex.org/W2407816088","https://openalex.org/W2465910587","https://openalex.org/W2767602986","https://openalex.org/W2890274708","https://openalex.org/W2898833824","https://openalex.org/W2943028521","https://openalex.org/W2984969990","https://openalex.org/W3006486123","https://openalex.org/W4233492679","https://openalex.org/W4243329419","https://openalex.org/W4248077027","https://openalex.org/W4249642666","https://openalex.org/W4365999024","https://openalex.org/W6633613713"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1980714815","https://openalex.org/W3133630643","https://openalex.org/W608490485","https://openalex.org/W2481729736","https://openalex.org/W4389636114","https://openalex.org/W2236208621","https://openalex.org/W2967475239","https://openalex.org/W4308919250","https://openalex.org/W2545074387","https://openalex.org/W3008518888"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"When":[0],"large,":[1],"complex":[2,183],"interorganizational":[3,171],"collaborations":[4,27],"create":[5],"new":[6],"systems,":[7],"they":[8],"must":[9,28,70],"discover":[10],"how":[11,17],"the":[12,22,90,97,102,107,133,138,149,160,167,170],"system":[13,68,168],"should":[14,19],"work":[15,163],"and":[16,32,38,55,74,109,115,127,143,158,169],"it":[18],"integrate":[20],"into":[21],"overall":[23],"organizational":[24],"milieu.":[25],"These":[26],"also":[29,105],"draw":[30],"upon":[31],"accommodate":[33],"a":[34,47,52,59,64],"host":[35],"of":[36,51,92,101,118,141,154,164],"processes":[37,140],"resources.":[39],"In":[40],"this":[41],"paper,":[42],"we":[43],"present":[44],"results":[45],"from":[46],"qualitative":[48],"case":[49],"study":[50],"key":[53],"policy":[54],"process":[56,112],"document":[57,78,108],"for":[58,63,125,178],"large":[60],"design":[61,99,128,142,185],"project":[62],"civic":[65],"traffic":[66],"management":[67],"that":[69,148],"serve":[71],"multiple":[72],"organizations":[73],"government":[75],"agencies.":[76],"The":[77],"is":[79],"one":[80],"common":[81],"to":[82,88,131],"systems":[83],"engineering,":[84],"but":[85],"less":[86],"familiar":[87],"CSCW:":[89],"Concept":[91],"Operations":[93],"(ConOps).":[94],"We":[95,104,146,174],"describe":[96],"sociotechnical":[98],"functions":[100],"ConOps.":[103],"analyze":[106],"its":[110],"developmental":[111],"using":[113],"Ewenstein":[114],"Whyte's":[116],"concept":[117],"epistemic":[119,156],"objects,\"":[120],"which":[121],"has":[122],"been":[123],"useful":[124],"CSCW":[126],"research":[129,180],"scholars":[130],"understand":[132],"roles":[134],"artifacts":[135],"play":[136],"in":[137,181],"messy":[139],"cooperative":[144],"work.":[145],"find":[147],"ConOps":[150],"exhibits":[151],"many":[152],"qualities":[153],"an":[155],"object":[157],"supports":[159],"deeply":[161],"integrated":[162],"\"designing\"":[165],"both":[166],"collaboration":[172],"itself.":[173],"then":[175],"explore":[176],"avenues":[177],"future":[179],"similarly":[182],"infrastructural":[184],"settings.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
