{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392484100","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3636555.3636908","title":"Multiple Choice vs. Fill-In Problems: The Trade-off Between Scalability and Learning","display_name":"Multiple Choice vs. Fill-In Problems: The Trade-off Between Scalability and Learning","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-03-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392484100","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3636555.3636908"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3636555.3636908","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3636555.3636908","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3636555.3636908","source":null,"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 14th Learning Analytics and Knowledge Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3636555.3636908","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019516308","display_name":"Ashish Gurung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7003-1476"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ashish Gurung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090326226","display_name":"Kirk Vanacore","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0673-5721"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107077323","display_name":"Worcester Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05ejpqr48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kirk Vanacore","raw_affiliation_strings":["Worcester Polytechnic Institute, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Worcester Polytechnic Institute, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073552070","display_name":"Andrew McReynolds","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7139-5156"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107077323","display_name":"Worcester Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05ejpqr48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew A. Mcreynolds","raw_affiliation_strings":["Worcester Polytechnic Institute, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Worcester Polytechnic Institute, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022218614","display_name":"Korinn Ostrow","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7149-1802"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107077323","display_name":"Worcester Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05ejpqr48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Korinn S. Ostrow","raw_affiliation_strings":["Worcester Polytechnic Institute, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Worcester Polytechnic Institute, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061266869","display_name":"Eamon Worden","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7818-9822"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107077323","display_name":"Worcester Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05ejpqr48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eamon Worden","raw_affiliation_strings":["Worcester Polytechnic Institute, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Worcester Polytechnic Institute, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076445116","display_name":"Adam Sales","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0416-0610"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107077323","display_name":"Worcester Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05ejpqr48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adam C. Sales","raw_affiliation_strings":["Worcester Polytechnic Institute, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Worcester Polytechnic Institute, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078998782","display_name":"Neil T. Heffernan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3280-288X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107077323","display_name":"Worcester Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05ejpqr48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Neil T. Heffernan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Worcester Polytechnic Institute, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Worcester Polytechnic Institute, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019516308"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.2197,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96231705,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"507","last_page":"517"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10636","display_name":"Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10636","display_name":"Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/affordance","display_name":"Affordance","score":0.8968307971954346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.7346286773681641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grading","display_name":"Grading (engineering)","score":0.7290608882904053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiple-choice","display_name":"Multiple choice","score":0.6382030844688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6125654578208923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.523963212966919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test","display_name":"Test (biology)","score":0.45502787828445435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-education","display_name":"Medical education","score":0.35120588541030884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.3263919949531555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.30337291955947876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.20811587572097778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1409268081188202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.12120780348777771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10237497091293335}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194995250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q531136","display_name":"Affordance","level":2,"score":0.8968307971954346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.7346286773681641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777286243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5591926","display_name":"Grading (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.7290608882904053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176730311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q867668","display_name":"Multiple choice","level":3,"score":0.6382030844688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6125654578208923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.523963212966919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.45502787828445435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.35120588541030884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.3263919949531555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.30337291955947876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.20811587572097778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1409268081188202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.12120780348777771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10237497091293335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018023364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425265","display_name":"Significant difference","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3636555.3636908","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3636555.3636908","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3636555.3636908","source":null,"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 14th Learning Analytics and Knowledge Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3636555.3636908","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3636555.3636908","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3636555.3636908","source":null,"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 14th Learning Analytics and Knowledge Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.6200000047683716}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G731933357","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2118725","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323817","funder_display_name":"Universitas Brawijaya"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323817","display_name":"Universitas Brawijaya","ror":"https://ror.org/01wk3d929"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392484100.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W16040959","https://openalex.org/W133284495","https://openalex.org/W1951724000","https://openalex.org/W1966947985","https://openalex.org/W1995864528","https://openalex.org/W2009845022","https://openalex.org/W2012912024","https://openalex.org/W2044044054","https://openalex.org/W2085783790","https://openalex.org/W2089182795","https://openalex.org/W2101705320","https://openalex.org/W2108765998","https://openalex.org/W2110228583","https://openalex.org/W2115486496","https://openalex.org/W2136504830","https://openalex.org/W2145065862","https://openalex.org/W2162764535","https://openalex.org/W2163569782","https://openalex.org/W2582743722","https://openalex.org/W2610099352","https://openalex.org/W2917204536","https://openalex.org/W2966554551","https://openalex.org/W3161616854","https://openalex.org/W3169729019","https://openalex.org/W3173692224","https://openalex.org/W4245164517","https://openalex.org/W4254748182","https://openalex.org/W4285783007","https://openalex.org/W4327914827"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1972718289","https://openalex.org/W2116299506","https://openalex.org/W2528099793","https://openalex.org/W4206422076","https://openalex.org/W3147945509","https://openalex.org/W3025127592","https://openalex.org/W2109233984","https://openalex.org/W2037702768","https://openalex.org/W2079613187","https://openalex.org/W3000756151"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Learning":[0,19],"experience":[1],"designers":[2],"consistently":[3],"balance":[4],"the":[5,25,46,60,74,109,131],"trade-off":[6],"between":[7,130],"open":[8],"and":[9,14,59],"close-ended":[10,34],"activities.":[11,50,69],"The":[12],"growth":[13],"scalability":[15],"of":[16,27,48,62,76,102],"Computer":[17],"Based":[18],"Platforms":[20],"(CBLPs)":[21],"have":[22],"only":[23],"magnified":[24],"importance":[26],"these":[28],"design":[29,133],"trade-offs.":[30],"CBLPs":[31],"often":[32],"utilize":[33],"activities":[35],"(i.e.":[36],"Multiple-Choice":[37],"Questions":[38],"[MCQs])":[39],"due":[40],"to":[41,82,97,119,135],"feasibility":[42],"constraints":[43],"associated":[44],"with":[45,99,144,155],"use":[47,61],"open-ended":[49,68],"MCQs":[51,83],"offer":[52],"certain":[53],"affordances,":[54],"such":[55],"as":[56,79],"immediate":[57],"grading":[58],"distractors,":[63],"setting":[64],"them":[65],"apart":[66],"from":[67,95,105,150],"Our":[70],"current":[71],"study":[72,93],"examines":[73],"effectiveness":[75],"Fill-In":[77,116,151],"problems":[78,117,152],"an":[80],"alternative":[81],"for":[84],"middle":[85,106],"school":[86],"mathematics.":[87],"We":[88,111,139],"report":[89],"on":[90,114],"a":[91,100],"randomized":[92],"conducted":[94],"2017":[96],"2022,":[98],"total":[101],"6,768":[103],"students":[104,143],"schools":[107],"across":[108],"US.":[110],"observe":[112],"that,":[113],"average,":[115],"lead":[118],"better":[120],"post-test":[121],"performance":[122],"than":[123,153],"MCQs;":[124],"albeit":[125],"deeper":[126],"explorations":[127],"indicate":[128],"differences":[129],"two":[132],"paradigms":[134],"be":[136],"more":[137,149],"nuanced.":[138],"find":[140],"evidence":[141],"that":[142],"higher":[145],"math":[146,157],"knowledge":[147],"benefit":[148],"those":[154],"lower":[156],"knowledge.":[158]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
