{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392445315","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3636555.3636901","title":"An Investigation of Automatically Generated Feedback on Student Behavior and Learning","display_name":"An Investigation of Automatically Generated Feedback on Student Behavior and Learning","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-03-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392445315","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3636555.3636901"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3636555.3636901","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3636555.3636901","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 14th Learning Analytics and Knowledge Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3636555.3636901","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059031099","display_name":"Rachel Van Campenhout","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8404-6513"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rachel Van Campenhout","raw_affiliation_strings":["VitalSource Technologies, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8404-6513","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VitalSource Technologies, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067603758","display_name":"Murray Kimball","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0769-2404"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Murray Kimball","raw_affiliation_strings":["VitalSource Technologies, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0769-2404","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VitalSource Technologies, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022274404","display_name":"Michelle W. Clark","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1500-9166"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michelle Clark","raw_affiliation_strings":["VitalSource Technologies, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1500-9166","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VitalSource Technologies, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036904252","display_name":"Jeffrey S. Dittel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4913-4427"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeffrey S. Dittel","raw_affiliation_strings":["VitalSource Technologies, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4913-4427","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VitalSource Technologies, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043129547","display_name":"Bill Jerome","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4200-155X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bill Jerome","raw_affiliation_strings":["VitalSource Technologies, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4200-155X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VitalSource Technologies, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016091313","display_name":"Benny G. Johnson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4267-9608"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benny G. Johnson","raw_affiliation_strings":["VitalSource Technologies, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4267-9608","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VitalSource Technologies, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9928,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92450657,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"850","last_page":"856"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10959","display_name":"Student Assessment and Feedback","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10636","display_name":"Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formative-assessment","display_name":"Formative assessment","score":0.8464692831039429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7402770519256592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peer-feedback","display_name":"Peer feedback","score":0.5649579763412476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.553159236907959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feedback-control","display_name":"Feedback control","score":0.41792812943458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.3850232660770416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.15589165687561035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.1493065357208252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09369546175003052}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42525527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1209955","display_name":"Formative assessment","level":2,"score":0.8464692831039429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7402770519256592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42058189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7160400","display_name":"Peer feedback","level":2,"score":0.5649579763412476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.553159236907959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018651601","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183635","display_name":"Feedback control","level":2,"score":0.41792812943458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3850232660770416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.15589165687561035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.1493065357208252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09369546175003052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3636555.3636901","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3636555.3636901","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 14th Learning Analytics and Knowledge Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3636555.3636901","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3636555.3636901","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 14th Learning Analytics and Knowledge Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1614298861","https://openalex.org/W2038558034","https://openalex.org/W2039113359","https://openalex.org/W2051339053","https://openalex.org/W2085269091","https://openalex.org/W2110661236","https://openalex.org/W2126180793","https://openalex.org/W2135995390","https://openalex.org/W2143805697","https://openalex.org/W2217824244","https://openalex.org/W2335791207","https://openalex.org/W2966192018","https://openalex.org/W2989613245","https://openalex.org/W3018063079","https://openalex.org/W3197167743","https://openalex.org/W4237040408","https://openalex.org/W4281728231","https://openalex.org/W4321441998","https://openalex.org/W4383616597","https://openalex.org/W4387489511","https://openalex.org/W6949549905"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W609482051","https://openalex.org/W3199325201","https://openalex.org/W2792035366","https://openalex.org/W4386050096","https://openalex.org/W2360976019","https://openalex.org/W2906881146","https://openalex.org/W2351166673","https://openalex.org/W2390109066","https://openalex.org/W3093168081","https://openalex.org/W2886195094"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Decades":[0],"of":[1,20,33,97,119,134],"research":[2,34,135,142],"have":[3,41],"focused":[4],"on":[5,35,64,123,136,146,162],"the":[6,102,117,131,154,163],"feedback":[7,16,21,48,58,65,98,121,149,166],"delivered":[8],"to":[9,14,43,130],"students":[10],"after":[11],"answering":[12],"questions\u2014when":[13],"deliver":[15],"and":[17,49,108,167],"what":[18],"kind":[19],"is":[22,29,128],"most":[23],"beneficial":[24],"for":[25,46,55,72],"learning.":[26],"While":[27],"there":[28],"a":[30,87],"well-established":[31],"body":[32,133],"feedback,":[36,105,107],"new":[37,44,53],"advances":[38],"in":[39,91],"technology":[40],"led":[42],"methods":[45],"developing":[47],"large-scale":[50],"usage":[51],"provides":[52],"data":[54,159],"understanding":[56],"how":[57],"impacts":[59],"learners.":[60],"This":[61,126],"paper":[62],"focuses":[63],"that":[66,157],"was":[67],"developed":[68],"using":[69],"artificial":[70],"intelligence":[71],"an":[73,92],"automatic":[74,137],"question":[75,138],"generation":[76],"system.":[77],"The":[78],"automatically":[79,147],"generated":[80,148],"questions":[81],"were":[82,99],"placed":[83],"alongside":[84],"text":[85],"as":[86,140,151,153],"formative":[88],"learning":[89,169],"tool":[90],"e-reader":[93],"platform.":[94],"Three":[95],"types":[96,122],"randomized":[100],"across":[101],"questions:":[103],"outcome":[104],"context":[106],"common":[109],"answer":[110],"feedback.":[111],"In":[112],"this":[113],"study,":[114],"we":[115],"investigate":[116],"effect":[118],"different":[120],"student":[124,168],"behavior.":[125],"analysis":[127],"significant":[129],"expanding":[132],"generation,":[139],"little":[141],"has":[143],"been":[144],"reported":[145],"specifically,":[150],"well":[152],"additional":[155],"insights":[156],"microlevel":[158],"can":[160],"reveal":[161],"relationship":[164],"between":[165],"behaviors.":[170]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-18T07:49:30.821534","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}