{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389386631","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3635720","title":"What Learning Strategies are Used by Programming Students? A Qualitative Study Grounded on the Self-regulation of Learning Theory","display_name":"What Learning Strategies are Used by Programming Students? A Qualitative Study Grounded on the Self-regulation of Learning Theory","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389386631","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3635720"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3635720","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3635720","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764465379","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Computing Education","issn_l":"1946-6226","issn":["1946-6226"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Computing Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010274994","display_name":"Leonardo Silva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0947-1530"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76903346","display_name":"University of Coimbra","ror":"https://ror.org/04z8k9a98","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Leonardo Silva","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Coimbra, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0947-1530","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Coimbra, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049870250","display_name":"Ant\u00f3nio Jos\u00e9 Mendes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6659-660X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76903346","display_name":"University of Coimbra","ror":"https://ror.org/04z8k9a98","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ant\u00f3nio Mendes","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Coimbra, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6659-660X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Coimbra, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024061523","display_name":"Anabela Gomes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8418-8095"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I293362453","display_name":"Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra","ror":"https://ror.org/01n8x4993","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I293362453"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anabela Gomes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Coimbra Polytechnic - ISEC, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8418-8095","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Coimbra Polytechnic - ISEC, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I293362453"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087013843","display_name":"Gabriel Fortes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4997-0019"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3129804457","display_name":"Alberto Hurtado University","ror":"https://ror.org/00749za89","country_code":"CL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3129804457"]}],"countries":["CL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gabriel Fortes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad Alberto Hurtado, Chile"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4997-0019","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad Alberto Hurtado, Chile","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3129804457"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010274994"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.2091,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96672009,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"26"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10636","display_name":"Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10636","display_name":"Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9814000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metacognition","display_name":"Metacognition","score":0.8327654600143433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-regulated-learning","display_name":"Self-regulated learning","score":0.7149418592453003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.5531267523765564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploratory-research","display_name":"Exploratory research","score":0.5446112155914307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.5025546550750732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3790079653263092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.3654509484767914}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118147538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1126970","display_name":"Metacognition","level":3,"score":0.8327654600143433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776503756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1424497","display_name":"Self-regulated learning","level":2,"score":0.7149418592453003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.5531267523765564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85973986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1091731","display_name":"Exploratory research","level":2,"score":0.5446112155914307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5025546550750732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3790079653263092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.3654509484767914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3635720","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3635720","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764465379","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Computing Education","issn_l":"1946-6226","issn":["1946-6226"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Computing Education","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.6899999976158142,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W66598541","https://openalex.org/W431738551","https://openalex.org/W1223341538","https://openalex.org/W1484207701","https://openalex.org/W1514297918","https://openalex.org/W1694818726","https://openalex.org/W1728204398","https://openalex.org/W1978623124","https://openalex.org/W1979290264","https://openalex.org/W2013852212","https://openalex.org/W2021582351","https://openalex.org/W2049931297","https://openalex.org/W2058251844","https://openalex.org/W2091308179","https://openalex.org/W2095907159","https://openalex.org/W2096192821","https://openalex.org/W2107026277","https://openalex.org/W2124630003","https://openalex.org/W2140692344","https://openalex.org/W2143412381","https://openalex.org/W2149868499","https://openalex.org/W2171797548","https://openalex.org/W2182714342","https://openalex.org/W2259435088","https://openalex.org/W2278567585","https://openalex.org/W2407505401","https://openalex.org/W2500354355","https://openalex.org/W2517261848","https://openalex.org/W2580612631","https://openalex.org/W2593711135","https://openalex.org/W2597900308","https://openalex.org/W2682258493","https://openalex.org/W2725741770","https://openalex.org/W2766624855","https://openalex.org/W2885271276","https://openalex.org/W2904116032","https://openalex.org/W2915211782","https://openalex.org/W2916390547","https://openalex.org/W2921691511","https://openalex.org/W2957479258","https://openalex.org/W2995029449","https://openalex.org/W3000240292","https://openalex.org/W3010598638","https://openalex.org/W3048016185","https://openalex.org/W3092725326","https://openalex.org/W3133779143","https://openalex.org/W3135734345","https://openalex.org/W3161365944","https://openalex.org/W3216079001","https://openalex.org/W4200580565","https://openalex.org/W4213447331","https://openalex.org/W4235004849","https://openalex.org/W4249085627","https://openalex.org/W4251944970","https://openalex.org/W4289731731","https://openalex.org/W4294214983","https://openalex.org/W4360991366","https://openalex.org/W4367842835","https://openalex.org/W6645050599"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2390181806","https://openalex.org/W2976037936","https://openalex.org/W4387714313","https://openalex.org/W2260086729","https://openalex.org/W2987254216","https://openalex.org/W2494585315","https://openalex.org/W4296961619","https://openalex.org/W2048373682","https://openalex.org/W3206539705","https://openalex.org/W4388703367"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Self-regulation":[0],"of":[1,64,73,87,177,184],"learning":[2,26,66,88,113,160,198],"(SRL)":[3],"is":[4,27,171],"an":[5,45],"essential":[6],"ability":[7],"for":[8,166],"academic":[9],"success":[10],"in":[11,44,132,145,196],"multiple":[12,62],"educational":[13],"contexts,":[14],"including":[15],"programming":[16,25,47,93,178],"education.":[17],"However,":[18],"understanding":[19,153],"how":[20,146],"students":[21,42,60,107,129,141],"regulate":[22],"themselves":[23],"during":[24,61],"still":[28],"limited.":[29],"This":[30],"exploratory":[31],"research":[32,79],"aimed":[33],"to":[34,52,114,152,159,173,188],"investigate":[35],"the":[36,54,65,70,99,154,175,182,190],"regulatory":[37,194],"strategies":[38,56,89,101,192],"externalized":[39],"by":[40,58,92,103],"51":[41],"enrolled":[43],"introductory":[46],"course.":[48],"The":[49,77,109],"objective":[50],"was":[51],"identify":[53],"SRL":[55,71,100,134,168],"used":[57,91,102],"these":[59],"phases":[63,195],"process":[67],"and":[68,75,95,105,125,127,139,193],"compare":[69],"behavior":[72],"high":[74,104,138],"low-performers.":[76],"following":[78],"questions":[80],"guided":[81],"this":[82,197],"investigation:":[83],"(RQ1)":[84],"What":[85],"regulation":[86],"are":[90],"students?;":[94],"(RQ2)":[96],"How":[97],"do":[98],"low-performing":[106,140],"differ?.":[108],"findings":[110],"demonstrate":[111],"that":[112,128,156,165],"program":[115],"involves":[116],"complex":[117],"psychological":[118],"resources":[119],"(e.g.,":[120],"cognition,":[121],"metacognition,":[122],"behavior,":[123],"motivation,":[124],"emotion)":[126],"present":[130],"heterogeneity":[131],"their":[133],"repertoire.":[135],"In":[136],"addition,":[137],"showed":[142],"significant":[143],"differences":[144],"they":[147],"regulate,":[148],"which":[149,180],"can":[150],"contribute":[151,158],"factors":[155],"may":[157],"programming.":[161],"Lastly,":[162],"we":[163],"argue":[164],"analyzing":[167],"strategies,":[169],"it":[170],"necessary":[172],"consider":[174],"specificities":[176],"education,":[179],"motivated":[181],"development":[183],"a":[185],"conceptual":[186],"framework":[187],"describe":[189],"identified":[191],"domain.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T09:19:25.381259","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}