{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389337801","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3635306","title":"Knowledge Equivalence in Digital Twins of Intelligent Systems","display_name":"Knowledge Equivalence in Digital Twins of Intelligent Systems","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389337801","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3635306"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3635306","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3635306","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3635306","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S38703467","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Modeling and Computer Simulation","issn_l":"1049-3301","issn":["1049-3301","1558-1195"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Modeling and Computer Simulation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3635306","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100331285","display_name":"Nan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5728-0440"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","display_name":"University of Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/03angcq70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}],"countries":["CN","GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), China and School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5728-0440","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), China and School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105","https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031155155","display_name":"Rami Bahsoon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1139-5795"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","display_name":"University of Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/03angcq70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rami Bahsoon","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1139-5795","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059860750","display_name":"Nikos Tziritas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2091-2037"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145722265","display_name":"University of Thessaly","ror":"https://ror.org/04v4g9h31","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145722265"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nikos Tziritas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Telecommunications, University of Thessaly, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2091-2037","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Telecommunications, University of Thessaly, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145722265"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026385930","display_name":"Georgios Theodoropoulos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7448-5886"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Georgios Theodoropoulos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering and Research Institute for Trustworthy Autonomous Systems, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7448-5886","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering and Research Institute for Trustworthy Autonomous Systems, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100331285"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105","https://openalex.org/I79619799"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9162,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87557243,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"37"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10763","display_name":"Digital Transformation in Industry","score":0.9794999957084656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10763","display_name":"Digital Transformation in Industry","score":0.9794999957084656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13482","display_name":"Engineering Education and Technology","score":0.9769999980926514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12805","display_name":"Cognitive Science and Mapping","score":0.9359999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6169899106025696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equivalence","display_name":"Equivalence (formal languages)","score":0.583045244216919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.41753679513931274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2652828097343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.20052602887153625}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6169899106025696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780069185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7977945","display_name":"Equivalence (formal languages)","level":2,"score":0.583045244216919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.41753679513931274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2652828097343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.20052602887153625}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3635306","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3635306","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3635306","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S38703467","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Modeling and Computer Simulation","issn_l":"1049-3301","issn":["1049-3301","1558-1195"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Modeling and Computer Simulation","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire_cris_publications/ac8f3416-a0b5-48fc-b490-9b0ad71ea776","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.birmingham.ac.uk/en/publications/ac8f3416-a0b5-48fc-b490-9b0ad71ea776","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402634","display_name":"University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","host_organization_name":"University of Birmingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Zhang, N, Bahsoon, R, Tziritas, N & Theodoropoulos, G 2024, 'Knowledge Equivalence in Digital Twins of Intelligent Systems', ACM Transactions on Modeling and Computer Simulation, vol. 34, no. 1, 3. https://doi.org/10.1145/3635306","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3635306","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3635306","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3635306","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S38703467","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Modeling and Computer Simulation","issn_l":"1049-3301","issn":["1049-3301","1558-1195"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Modeling and Computer Simulation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327605","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389337801.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389337801.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":79,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1465777884","https://openalex.org/W1510142220","https://openalex.org/W1533506891","https://openalex.org/W1771743772","https://openalex.org/W1859124069","https://openalex.org/W1886563687","https://openalex.org/W1964137226","https://openalex.org/W1990911977","https://openalex.org/W1999392360","https://openalex.org/W2038543535","https://openalex.org/W2046074714","https://openalex.org/W2083632634","https://openalex.org/W2107466240","https://openalex.org/W2107703483","https://openalex.org/W2109080678","https://openalex.org/W2124344619","https://openalex.org/W2136106395","https://openalex.org/W2144004389","https://openalex.org/W2149674423","https://openalex.org/W2153373747","https://openalex.org/W2153654820","https://openalex.org/W2155796842","https://openalex.org/W2162429446","https://openalex.org/W2167724537","https://openalex.org/W2334376961","https://openalex.org/W2341808896","https://openalex.org/W2482127302","https://openalex.org/W2519707337","https://openalex.org/W2580608640","https://openalex.org/W2581043650","https://openalex.org/W2757110387","https://openalex.org/W2765710907","https://openalex.org/W2766208582","https://openalex.org/W2794230447","https://openalex.org/W2803443244","https://openalex.org/W2910597635","https://openalex.org/W2913004984","https://openalex.org/W2913907135","https://openalex.org/W2954725723","https://openalex.org/W2963046270","https://openalex.org/W2988359971","https://openalex.org/W3012041784","https://openalex.org/W3033526852","https://openalex.org/W3036600965","https://openalex.org/W3042091195","https://openalex.org/W3044709562","https://openalex.org/W3088241502","https://openalex.org/W3092022074","https://openalex.org/W3097426293","https://openalex.org/W3124127659","https://openalex.org/W3129472311","https://openalex.org/W3130253709","https://openalex.org/W3137456979","https://openalex.org/W3156295478","https://openalex.org/W3165299285","https://openalex.org/W3166712400","https://openalex.org/W3177195672","https://openalex.org/W3194976308","https://openalex.org/W3199893190","https://openalex.org/W3217614920","https://openalex.org/W4210446628","https://openalex.org/W4210492122","https://openalex.org/W4213413056","https://openalex.org/W4214919138","https://openalex.org/W4231304761","https://openalex.org/W4231339743","https://openalex.org/W4241098742","https://openalex.org/W4241233758","https://openalex.org/W4242170276","https://openalex.org/W4256257383","https://openalex.org/W4281668110","https://openalex.org/W4283734189","https://openalex.org/W4285727175","https://openalex.org/W4296913260","https://openalex.org/W4298293270","https://openalex.org/W4302039983","https://openalex.org/W4310155374","https://openalex.org/W4317815184","https://openalex.org/W4317815293"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052","https://openalex.org/W4402327032"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,157],"digital":[1,28,68,84],"twin":[2,29,69,85],"contains":[3],"up-to-date":[4],"data-driven":[5],"models":[6,70],"of":[7,71,89,106,144,160],"the":[8,19,23,27,36,41,53,75,87,90,101,114,118,130,133,136,142,161,187],"physical":[9,20,42,54,91,110,137],"world":[10],"being":[11,56],"studied":[12],"and":[13,32,60,135,147,155,180,192],"can":[14,173],"use":[15],"simulation":[16,193],"to":[17,40,167],"optimise":[18],"world.":[21,43],"However,":[22],"analysis":[24,159],"made":[25],"by":[26,96,152],"is":[30,38,49],"valid":[31],"reliable":[33],"only":[34],"when":[35,52],"model":[37,48,134],"equivalent":[39,47],"Maintaining":[44],"such":[45,107],"an":[46,108,148],"challenging,":[50],"especially":[51,127],"systems":[55,73,76],"modelled":[57],"are":[58,77,125],"intelligent":[59,72,109],"autonomous.":[61],"The":[62,83,104],"article":[63,140],"focuses":[64],"in":[65,100,117,128],"particular":[66],"on":[67],"where":[74],"knowledge-aware":[78],"but":[79],"with":[80],"limited":[81],"capability.":[82],"improves":[86],"acting":[88],"system":[92,111],"at":[93],"a":[94],"meta-level":[95],"accumulating":[97],"more":[98,182],"knowledge":[99,131,145,153,170],"simulated":[102],"environment.":[103],"modelling":[105],"requires":[112],"replicating":[113],"knowledge-awareness":[115],"capability":[116],"virtual":[119],"space.":[120],"Novel":[121],"equivalence":[122,146,149,171],"maintaining":[123,150],"techniques":[124],"needed,":[126],"synchronising":[129],"between":[132,189],"system.":[138],"This":[139],"proposes":[141],"notion":[143],"approach":[151,163],"comparison":[154],"updates.":[156],"quantitative":[158],"proposed":[162],"confirms":[164],"that":[165],"compared":[166],"state":[168],"equivalence,":[169],"maintenance":[172],"tolerate":[174],"deviation":[175],"thus":[176],"reducing":[177],"unnecessary":[178],"updates":[179],"achieve":[181],"Pareto":[183],"efficient":[184],"solutions":[185],"for":[186],"tradeoff":[188],"update":[190],"overhead":[191],"reliability.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}