{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389237479","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3635158","title":"Explainable Product Classification for Customs","display_name":"Explainable Product Classification for Customs","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389237479","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3635158"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3635158","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3635158","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2492086750","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology","issn_l":"2157-6904","issn":["2157-6904","2157-6912"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100375245","display_name":"Eunji Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Eunji Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3961-5793","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038433902","display_name":"Sihyeon Kim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3130020584","display_name":"International Graduate School of English","ror":"https://ror.org/0181xpd52","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3130020584"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sihyeon Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["AI Graduate School, GIST, Gwangju, Republic of Korea","School of Computing, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9474-1122","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AI Graduate School, GIST, Gwangju, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3130020584"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073596347","display_name":"Sundong Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9687-2409"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3130020584","display_name":"International Graduate School of English","ror":"https://ror.org/0181xpd52","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3130020584"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sundong Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["AI Graduate School, GIST, Gwangju, Republic of Korea","School of Computing, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9687-2409","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AI Graduate School, GIST, Gwangju, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3130020584"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103056229","display_name":"Soyeon Jung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8714-6937"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Soyeon Jung","raw_affiliation_strings":["ICT and Data Policy Bureau, Korea Customs Service, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8714-6937","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ICT and Data Policy Bureau, Korea Customs Service, Daejeon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087937390","display_name":"Heeja Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5005-7282"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heeja Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Customs Valuation and Classification Institute, Korea Customs Service, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5005-7282","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Customs Valuation and Classification Institute, Korea Customs Service, Daejeon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061810530","display_name":"Meeyoung Cha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4085-9648"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meeyoung Cha","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4085-9648","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100375245"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8745,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88731932,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"2","first_page":"1","last_page":"24"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.18369999527931213,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.18369999527931213,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.11379999667406082,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14180","display_name":"Law, logistics, and international trade","score":0.06379999965429306,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7665252685546875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.7333028316497803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aka","display_name":"AKA","score":0.6313450336456299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.5999194383621216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/product","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","score":0.5994093418121338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.579146146774292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.5129391551017761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/doctrine","display_name":"Doctrine","score":0.475776344537735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/commodity","display_name":"Commodity","score":0.4528173506259918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.35941532254219055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.1904909610748291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.1771242618560791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.13698521256446838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.11349108815193176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finance","display_name":"Finance","score":0.10934081673622131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.10914000868797302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.09904420375823975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management","display_name":"Management","score":0.09168428182601929}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7665252685546875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.7333028316497803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121158502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4652161","display_name":"AKA","level":2,"score":0.6313450336456299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.5999194383621216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5994093418121338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.579146146774292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.5129391551017761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776211767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117850","display_name":"Doctrine","level":2,"score":0.475776344537735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779439359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317088","display_name":"Commodity","level":2,"score":0.4528173506259918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.35941532254219055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.1904909610748291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.1771242618560791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.13698521256446838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.11349108815193176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.10934081673622131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.10914000868797302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.09904420375823975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.09168428182601929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3635158","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3635158","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2492086750","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology","issn_l":"2157-6904","issn":["2157-6904","2157-6912"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1194156772","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019-0-01842","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","funder_display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1448736063","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RS-2023-00216011","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5885902318","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IBS-R029-C2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326441","funder_display_name":"Institute for Basic Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6962897262","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019-0-01842","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326441","display_name":"Institute for Basic Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00y0zf565"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334865","display_name":"Korea Customs Service","ror":"https://ror.org/01rkgg256"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion","ror":"https://ror.org/01g0hqq23"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2396739527","https://openalex.org/W2740747242","https://openalex.org/W2760830962","https://openalex.org/W2889363461","https://openalex.org/W2889787757","https://openalex.org/W2909141942","https://openalex.org/W2912949815","https://openalex.org/W2930957955","https://openalex.org/W2972892386","https://openalex.org/W2978663162","https://openalex.org/W2986495993","https://openalex.org/W2986728023","https://openalex.org/W2996848635","https://openalex.org/W2997713239","https://openalex.org/W3016993836","https://openalex.org/W3027225699","https://openalex.org/W3034174970","https://openalex.org/W3099876468","https://openalex.org/W3102275958","https://openalex.org/W3105055324","https://openalex.org/W3131457744","https://openalex.org/W3152519139","https://openalex.org/W3154707883","https://openalex.org/W3171416056","https://openalex.org/W3198536209","https://openalex.org/W4205177168","https://openalex.org/W4205532559","https://openalex.org/W4210281595","https://openalex.org/W6785196687"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W3014541132","https://openalex.org/W2994737807","https://openalex.org/W2948639032","https://openalex.org/W2363601504","https://openalex.org/W339743714","https://openalex.org/W2922098899","https://openalex.org/W2355625292","https://openalex.org/W2002902793","https://openalex.org/W2387535719"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,72,105],"task":[1,28],"of":[2,18,32,68,83,119],"assigning":[3],"internationally":[4],"accepted":[5],"commodity":[6],"codes":[7],"(aka":[8],"HS":[9,70],"codes)":[10],"to":[11],"traded":[12],"goods":[13],"is":[14,87],"a":[15,51,84,102],"critical":[16],"function":[17],"customs":[19,90,131,152],"offices.":[20],"Like":[21],"court":[22],"decisions":[23],"made":[24,112],"by":[25,89,113,140,151],"judges,":[26],"this":[27],"follows":[29],"the":[30,44,59,64,69,81,94,109,146],"doctrine":[31],"precedent":[33],"and":[34,148],"can":[35,143],"be":[36],"nontrivial":[37],"even":[38],"for":[39,77,154],"experienced":[40],"officers.":[41,91],"Together":[42],"with":[43,129],"Korea":[45],"Customs":[46],"Service":[47],"(KCS),":[48],"we":[49],"propose":[50],"first-ever":[52],"explainable":[53,141],"decision":[54],"supporting":[55],"model":[56,73,95,115],"that":[57,86,99,108,135],"suggests":[58],"most":[60],"likely":[61],"subheadings":[62],"(i.e.,":[63],"first":[65],"six":[66],"digits)":[67],"code.":[71],"also":[74],"provides":[75],"reasoning":[76],"its":[78],"suggestion":[79],"in":[80],"form":[82],"document":[85],"interpretable":[88],"We":[92],"evaluated":[93],"using":[96],"5,000":[97],"cases":[98],"recently":[100],"received":[101],"classification":[103,155],"request.":[104],"results":[106],"showed":[107],"top-3":[110],"suggestions":[111,138],"our":[114,136],"had":[116],"an":[117],"accuracy":[118],"93.9%":[120],"when":[121],"classifying":[122],"925":[123],"challenging":[124],"subheadings.":[125],"A":[126],"user":[127],"study":[128],"32":[130],"experts":[132],"further":[133],"confirmed":[134],"algorithmic":[137],"accompanied":[139],"reasonings,":[142],"substantially":[144],"reduce":[145],"time":[147],"effort":[149],"taken":[150],"officers":[153],"reviews.":[156]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
