{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389140876","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3634914","title":"DEEPFAKER: A Unified Evaluation Platform for Facial Deepfake and Detection Models","display_name":"DEEPFAKER: A Unified Evaluation Platform for Facial Deepfake and Detection Models","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389140876","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3634914"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3634914","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3634914","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3634914","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210174050","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security","issn_l":"2471-2566","issn":["2471-2566","2471-2574"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3634914","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107209325","display_name":"Li Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1289-5457"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Technology, Shandong University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1289-5457","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Technology, Shandong University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101791970","display_name":"Xiangtao Meng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5613-8932"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangtao Meng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Technology, Shandong University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5613-8932","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Technology, Shandong University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107206632","display_name":"Dan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4079-2091"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113818","display_name":"China Electronic Product Reliability and Environmental Test Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01f4k3b46","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113818"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I890469752","display_name":"Ministry of Industry and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0385nmy68","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Security Center, China Electronic Product Reliability and Environmental Testing Research Institute, and Key Laboratory of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, China","Key Laboratory of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4079-2091","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Security Center, China Electronic Product Reliability and Environmental Testing Research Institute, and Key Laboratory of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113818"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101722406","display_name":"Xuhong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8571-9780"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168879160","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05mx0wr29","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuhong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8571-9780","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058611515","display_name":"Shouling Ji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4268-372X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168879160","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05mx0wr29","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shouling Ji","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4268-372X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084460856","display_name":"Shanqing Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3367-0951"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shanqing Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Technology, Shandong University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3367-0951","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Technology, Shandong University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1228,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80776297,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"34"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8139862418174744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.5810461044311523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.5773881077766418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.4335092604160309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.38497447967529297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.36793649196624756}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8139862418174744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.5810461044311523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.5773881077766418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.4335092604160309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.38497447967529297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.36793649196624756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3634914","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3634914","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3634914","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210174050","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security","issn_l":"2471-2566","issn":["2471-2566","2471-2574"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3634914","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3634914","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3634914","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210174050","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security","issn_l":"2471-2566","issn":["2471-2566","2471-2574"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7408156761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61902148","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G85331680","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2020MF055, ZR2021LZH007, ZR2020LZH002, ZR2020QF045","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389140876.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389140876.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":83,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1834627138","https://openalex.org/W1945616565","https://openalex.org/W2070604790","https://openalex.org/W2096733369","https://openalex.org/W2155653793","https://openalex.org/W2408141691","https://openalex.org/W2486034530","https://openalex.org/W2640329709","https://openalex.org/W2726515241","https://openalex.org/W2766527293","https://openalex.org/W2794857359","https://openalex.org/W2891145043","https://openalex.org/W2898877033","https://openalex.org/W2902543210","https://openalex.org/W2904573504","https://openalex.org/W2911424785","https://openalex.org/W2913399670","https://openalex.org/W2932026309","https://openalex.org/W2945262873","https://openalex.org/W2949059773","https://openalex.org/W2949662773","https://openalex.org/W2962770929","https://openalex.org/W2962793481","https://openalex.org/W2962858109","https://openalex.org/W2963542245","https://openalex.org/W2963626105","https://openalex.org/W2963684180","https://openalex.org/W2963720850","https://openalex.org/W2963767194","https://openalex.org/W2963839617","https://openalex.org/W2964003763","https://openalex.org/W2982058372","https://openalex.org/W2984700035","https://openalex.org/W2991318208","https://openalex.org/W2998158928","https://openalex.org/W3008823916","https://openalex.org/W3019200173","https://openalex.org/W3024079478","https://openalex.org/W3034196597","https://openalex.org/W3034530968","https://openalex.org/W3034577585","https://openalex.org/W3034713808","https://openalex.org/W3036167779","https://openalex.org/W3036426855","https://openalex.org/W3038930935","https://openalex.org/W3083246145","https://openalex.org/W3091254548","https://openalex.org/W3092709185","https://openalex.org/W3093010840","https://openalex.org/W3094728142","https://openalex.org/W3102844060","https://openalex.org/W3104792420","https://openalex.org/W3118479706","https://openalex.org/W3121370741","https://openalex.org/W3125713917","https://openalex.org/W3125803510","https://openalex.org/W3128609017","https://openalex.org/W3135485589","https://openalex.org/W3169588269","https://openalex.org/W3173241699","https://openalex.org/W3173775919","https://openalex.org/W3174508664","https://openalex.org/W3175906703","https://openalex.org/W3178284600","https://openalex.org/W3178572954","https://openalex.org/W3188897163","https://openalex.org/W3190486916","https://openalex.org/W3217030260","https://openalex.org/W3217669900","https://openalex.org/W4221161648","https://openalex.org/W4221165930","https://openalex.org/W4287026043","https://openalex.org/W4287758545","https://openalex.org/W4293580221","https://openalex.org/W4293846201","https://openalex.org/W4294643831","https://openalex.org/W4297814571","https://openalex.org/W4312740349","https://openalex.org/W6637162671","https://openalex.org/W6767264202","https://openalex.org/W6779823529","https://openalex.org/W6783713337","https://openalex.org/W6784810453"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2502115930","https://openalex.org/W4246396837","https://openalex.org/W2482350142","https://openalex.org/W3176240006","https://openalex.org/W3126451824","https://openalex.org/W1561927205","https://openalex.org/W3191453585","https://openalex.org/W4297672492","https://openalex.org/W4288019534","https://openalex.org/W4310988119"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deepfake":[0],"data":[1],"contains":[2],"realistically":[3],"manipulated":[4],"faces\u2014its":[5],"abuses":[6],"pose":[7],"a":[8,30,43,122,145,164,174],"huge":[9],"threat":[10],"to":[11,29,39,236,274],"the":[12,40,58,62,79,84,95,105,114,180,209,244,248,257,261],"security":[13],"and":[14,21,35,89,97,109,118,124,138,148,172,202,217,239,264,290],"privacy-critical":[15],"applications.":[16],"Intensive":[17],"research":[18,286],"from":[19],"academia":[20],"industry":[22],"has":[23,132],"produced":[24],"many":[25,47],"deepfake/detection":[26,170],"models,":[27],"leading":[28],"constant":[31],"race":[32],"of":[33,42,61,107,156,168,176,205],"attack":[34,224],"defense.":[36],"However,":[37],"due":[38],"lack":[41],"unified":[44,123],"evaluation":[45,128],"platform,":[46],"critical":[48],"questions":[49],"on":[50,186,227,287],"this":[51],"subject":[52],"remain":[53],"largely":[54],"unexplored.":[55],"How":[56,66,76,87,100],"is":[57,195],"anti-detection":[59,200],"ability":[60,201],"existing":[63,69],"deepfake":[64,74,108,126,136,191,206,266,289],"models?":[65,111],"generalizable":[67],"are":[68,78,91,250],"detection":[70,80,110,127,141,181,211,215,241,245,258],"models":[71,171],"against":[72,253],"different":[73,190],"samples?":[75],"effective":[77,238],"APIs":[81,212,259],"provided":[82],"by":[83,189],"cloud-based":[85,229],"vendors?":[86],"evasive":[88],"transferable":[90],"adversarial":[92,218],"deepfakes":[93,219],"in":[94,247,260],"lab":[96,249],"real-world":[98,262],"environment?":[99],"do":[101],"various":[102],"factors":[103],"impact":[104],"performance":[106,216],"To":[112],"bridge":[113],"gap,":[115],"we":[116,162],"design":[117,150],"implement":[119],"DEEPFAKER":[120,131,160,282],"1":[121],"comprehensive":[125],"platform.":[129],"Specifically,":[130],"integrated":[133],"10":[134],"state-of-the-art":[135],"methods":[137,182,246],"9":[139],"representative":[140],"methods,":[142],"while":[143],"providing":[144],"user-friendly":[146],"interface":[147],"modular":[149],"that":[151,281],"allows":[152],"for":[153,232],"easy":[154],"integration":[155],"new":[157],"methods.":[158],"Leveraging":[159],",":[161],"conduct":[163],"large-scale":[165],"empirical":[166],"study":[167],"facial":[169,288],"draw":[173],"set":[175],"key":[177],"findings:":[178],"(i)":[179],"have":[183,213],"poor":[184,214],"generalization":[185],"samples":[187],"generated":[188],"methods;":[192],"(ii)":[193],"there":[194],"no":[196],"significant":[197],"correlation":[198],"between":[199],"visual":[203],"quality":[204],"samples;":[207],"(iii)":[208],"current":[210],"can":[220],"achieve":[221],"about":[222],"70%":[223],"success":[225],"rate":[226],"all":[228],"vendors,":[230],"calling":[231],"an":[233],"urgent":[234],"need":[235],"deploy":[237],"robust":[240,252],"APIs;":[242],"(iv)":[243],"more":[251,272],"transfer":[254],"attacks":[255],"than":[256],"environment;":[263],"(v)":[265],"videos":[267],"may":[268],"not":[269],"always":[270],"be":[271],"difficult":[273],"detect":[275],"after":[276],"video":[277],"compression.":[278],"We":[279],"envision":[280],"will":[283],"benefit":[284],"future":[285],"detection.":[291]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
