{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400120057","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3634737.3644991","title":"Sync-Millibottleneck Attack on Microservices Cloud Architecture","display_name":"Sync-Millibottleneck Attack on Microservices Cloud Architecture","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-06-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400120057","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3634737.3644991"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3634737.3644991","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3634737.3644991","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 19th ACM Asia Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://repository.lsu.edu/eecs_pubs/2728","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087444144","display_name":"Xuhang Gu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8362-3841"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121820613","display_name":"Louisiana State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ect4e57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121820613"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xuhang Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8362-3841","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121820613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100776173","display_name":"Qingyang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5729-2898"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121820613","display_name":"Louisiana State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ect4e57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121820613"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingyang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5729-2898","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121820613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042277127","display_name":"Qiben Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6272-7668"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87216513","display_name":"Michigan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hs6h993","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiben Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6272-7668","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038583946","display_name":"Jianshu Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7199-9224"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121820613","display_name":"Louisiana State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ect4e57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121820613"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianshu Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7199-9224","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121820613"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081442372","display_name":"Calton Pu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6616-8987"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Calton Pu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6616-8987","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087444144"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121820613"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.682,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84747301,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"799","last_page":"813"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microservices","display_name":"Microservices","score":0.9459583759307861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sync","display_name":"sync","score":0.7635557651519775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7599965333938599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.6291143894195557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.5166740417480469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.3949386477470398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.35609257221221924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.19868066906929016}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778505942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18344624","display_name":"Microservices","level":3,"score":0.9459583759307861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3913047","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1956265","display_name":"sync","level":3,"score":0.7635557651519775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7599965333938599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.6291143894195557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.5166740417480469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.3949386477470398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.35609257221221924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.19868066906929016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3634737.3644991","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3634737.3644991","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 19th ACM Asia Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.lsu.edu:eecs_pubs-3730","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.lsu.edu/eecs_pubs/2728","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169993","display_name":"Civil War Book Review","issn_l":"1528-6592","issn":["1528-6592"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315936","host_organization_name":"Louisiana State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315936"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Louisiana State University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Faculty Publications","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.lsu.edu:eecs_pubs-3730","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.lsu.edu/eecs_pubs/2728","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169993","display_name":"Civil War Book Review","issn_l":"1528-6592","issn":["1528-6592"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315936","host_organization_name":"Louisiana State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315936"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Louisiana State University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Faculty Publications","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.4699999988079071}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G408228584","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2000681","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8541170748","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2235231","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966175380","https://openalex.org/W1982063824","https://openalex.org/W1985382559","https://openalex.org/W1990818816","https://openalex.org/W2001172853","https://openalex.org/W2014400530","https://openalex.org/W2075233755","https://openalex.org/W2093516101","https://openalex.org/W2105934661","https://openalex.org/W2130583399","https://openalex.org/W2170874246","https://openalex.org/W2576242898","https://openalex.org/W2765491304","https://openalex.org/W2912568927","https://openalex.org/W2913794384","https://openalex.org/W2914630606","https://openalex.org/W2921673038","https://openalex.org/W2931122162","https://openalex.org/W2973528622","https://openalex.org/W3008207353","https://openalex.org/W3021557548","https://openalex.org/W3156471679","https://openalex.org/W3209366914","https://openalex.org/W3212224036","https://openalex.org/W4214831727","https://openalex.org/W4244679343"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3181741639","https://openalex.org/W4210334847","https://openalex.org/W4367181468","https://openalex.org/W2767473057","https://openalex.org/W4225586032","https://openalex.org/W3003367851","https://openalex.org/W3119944216","https://openalex.org/W2994988622","https://openalex.org/W1492892507","https://openalex.org/W4293799853"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,46,70],"modern":[1],"web":[2],"services":[3],"landscape":[4],"is":[5,51],"characterized":[6],"by":[7],"numerous":[8],"fine-grained,":[9],"loosely":[10],"coupled":[11],"microservices":[12,78],"with":[13,103],"increasingly":[14],"stringent":[15],"low-latency":[16],"requirements.":[17],"However,":[18],"this":[19,27,49],"architecture":[20],"also":[21],"brings":[22],"new":[23],"performance":[24,171],"vulnerabilities.":[25],"In":[26],"paper,":[28],"we":[29],"introduce":[30],"a":[31,54,143],"novel":[32],"low-volume":[33],"application":[34],"layer":[35],"DDoS":[36,67],"attack":[37,50,72,122],"called":[38],"the":[39,60,81,94,125,138,152,168],"Sync-Millibottleneck":[40],"(SyncM)":[41],"attack,":[42],"specifically":[43],"targeting":[44],"microservices.":[45],"goal":[47],"of":[48,77,96,170],"to":[52,89,132,166],"cause":[53,124,169],"long-tail":[55],"latency":[56,149],"problem":[57],"that":[58,85],"violates":[59],"service-level":[61],"agreement":[62],"(SLA)":[63],"while":[64],"evading":[65],"state-of-the-art":[66],"detection/defense":[68],"mechanisms.":[69],"SyncM":[71,121,145],"exploits":[73],"two":[74],"unique":[75],"features":[76],"architecture:":[79],"(1)":[80],"shared":[82,139],"frontend":[83,140],"gateway":[84],"directs":[86],"user":[87],"requests":[88],"mid-tier/backend":[90],"microservices,":[91],"and":[92,135],"(2)":[93],"co-existence":[95],"multiple":[97,117],"logically":[98],"independent":[99,118],"execution":[100,119,130],"paths,":[101,120],"each":[102,129],"its":[104],"own":[105],"bottleneck":[106],"resource.":[107],"By":[108],"creating":[109],"synchronized":[110],"millibottlenecks":[111],"(i.e.,":[112],"sub-second":[113],"duration":[114],"bottlenecks)":[115],"on":[116],"can":[123],"queuing":[126],"effect":[127],"in":[128,137,151],"path":[131],"be":[133],"propagated":[134],"superimposed":[136],"gateway.":[141],"As":[142],"result,":[144],"triggers":[146],"surprisingly":[147],"high":[148],"spikes":[150],"system,":[153],"even":[154],"when":[155],"all":[156],"system":[157],"resources":[158],"are":[159],"far":[160],"from":[161],"saturation,":[162],"making":[163],"it":[164],"challenging":[165],"trace":[167],"instability.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-12-26T23:08:49.675405","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
