{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389269221","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3633475","title":"An LSM Tree Augmented with B <sup>+</sup> Tree on Nonvolatile Memory","display_name":"An LSM Tree Augmented with B <sup>+</sup> Tree on Nonvolatile Memory","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389269221","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3633475"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3633475","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3633475","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3633475","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158124317","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Storage","issn_l":"1553-3077","issn":["1553-3077","1553-3093"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Storage","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3633475","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100607688","display_name":"Donguk Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5716-9948"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Donguk Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Seoul National University and Samsung Electronics, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5716-9948","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University and Samsung Electronics, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467","https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101986912","display_name":"Jong-Sung Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4080-0611"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jongsung Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Seoul National University and Samsung Electronics, Korea","Seoul National University, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4080-0611","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University and Samsung Electronics, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467","https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101579984","display_name":"Keun Soo Lim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2290-8931"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keun Soo Lim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Seoul National University, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2290-8931","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101780114","display_name":"Jun Heo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7452-3030"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Heo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Seoul National University, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7452-3030","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015869752","display_name":"Tae Jun Ham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2669-6849"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tae Jun Ham","raw_affiliation_strings":["Seoul National University, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2669-6849","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100415731","display_name":"Jae W. Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4266-4919"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jae W. Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Seoul National University and Samsung Electronics, Korea","Seoul National University, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4266-4919","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University and Samsung Electronics, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467","https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.662,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69784025,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"24"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7725325226783752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-volatile-memory","display_name":"Non-volatile memory","score":0.6893347501754761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.604172945022583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.3333281874656677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.20605775713920593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.09699094295501709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.06882134079933167}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7725325226783752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177950962","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10997658","display_name":"Non-volatile memory","level":2,"score":0.6893347501754761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.604172945022583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.3333281874656677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.20605775713920593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.09699094295501709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.06882134079933167}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3633475","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3633475","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3633475","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158124317","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Storage","issn_l":"1553-3077","issn":["1553-3077","1553-3093"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Storage","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3633475","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3633475","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3633475","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158124317","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Storage","issn_l":"1553-3077","issn":["1553-3077","1553-3093"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Storage","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.49000000953674316,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G475550565","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021- 0-00853","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","funder_display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321292","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion","ror":"https://ror.org/01g0hqq23"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389269221.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389269221.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1981420413","https://openalex.org/W1985229168","https://openalex.org/W1993829858","https://openalex.org/W2035735180","https://openalex.org/W2077850713","https://openalex.org/W2110423232","https://openalex.org/W2147351950","https://openalex.org/W2149509741","https://openalex.org/W2152589529","https://openalex.org/W2153704625","https://openalex.org/W2155256331","https://openalex.org/W2165663045","https://openalex.org/W2433709474","https://openalex.org/W2550104829","https://openalex.org/W2594680891","https://openalex.org/W2605800201","https://openalex.org/W2613596181","https://openalex.org/W2747951580","https://openalex.org/W2751343396","https://openalex.org/W2764131694","https://openalex.org/W2765113847","https://openalex.org/W2767957210","https://openalex.org/W2770617898","https://openalex.org/W2798337732","https://openalex.org/W2798441769","https://openalex.org/W2884669182","https://openalex.org/W2901308234","https://openalex.org/W2982234780","https://openalex.org/W3010592244","https://openalex.org/W3031100044","https://openalex.org/W3031913307","https://openalex.org/W3042638450","https://openalex.org/W3195948004","https://openalex.org/W3210724489","https://openalex.org/W4295520929"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W2478288626","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2350741829","https://openalex.org/W2530322880"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Modern":[0],"log-structured":[1],"merge":[2],"(LSM)":[3],"tree-based":[4,93],"key-value":[5,41,94],"stores":[6],"are":[7],"widely":[8],"used":[9],"to":[10,22,26,45,133,146,204],"process":[11],"update-heavy":[12],"workloads":[13,165],"effectively":[14],"as":[15],"the":[16,51,57,76,88,101,201,206],"LSM":[17,92,103],"tree":[18,104],"sequentializes":[19],"write":[20,89],"requests":[21],"a":[23,68,106,172,190],"storage":[24,28,141],"device":[25],"maximize":[27],"performance.":[29],"However,":[30,66],"this":[31,82],"append-only":[32],"approach":[33],"leaves":[34],"many":[35],"outdated":[36],"copies":[37],"of":[38,91,108,149,193,200,208,215],"frequently":[39],"updated":[40],"pairs,":[42],"which":[43,99],"need":[44],"be":[46],"routinely":[47],"cleaned":[48],"up":[49],"through":[50],"operation":[52],"called":[53],"compaction":[54,62,83,126,129,135],".":[55],"When":[56],"system":[58,70],"load":[59],"is":[60,197],"modest,":[61],"happens":[63],"in":[64],"background.":[65],"at":[67],"high":[69],"load,":[71],"it":[72],"can":[73],"quickly":[74],"become":[75],"major":[77],"performance":[78,186],"bottleneck.":[79],"To":[80],"address":[81],"bottleneck":[84],"and":[85,128,139,159,168,170,183],"further":[86],"improve":[87],"throughput":[90],"stores,":[95],"we":[96],"propose":[97],"LAB-DB,":[98],"augments":[100],"existing":[102],"with":[105,153,189,210],"pair":[107],"B":[109,119],"+":[110,120],"trees":[111,121],"on":[112,122,151,162,176],"byte-addressable":[113],"nonvolatile":[114],"memory":[115],"(NVM).":[116],"The":[117],"auxiliary":[118],"NVM":[123,194],"reduce":[124],"both":[125],"frequency":[127],"time,":[130],"hence":[131],"leading":[132],"lower":[134],"overhead":[136],"for":[137,143],"writes":[138],"fewer":[140],"accesses":[142],"reads.":[144],"According":[145],"our":[147],"evaluation":[148],"LAB-DB":[150,156,209],"RocksDB":[152],"YCSB":[154,178],"benchmarks,":[155],"achieves":[157],"94%":[158],"67%":[160],"speedups":[161],"two":[163],"write-intensive":[164],"(Workload":[166],"A":[167],"F),":[169],"also":[171],"43%":[173],"geomean":[174],"speedup":[175],"read-intensive":[177],"Workload":[179],"B,":[180],"C,":[181],"D,":[182],"E.":[184],"This":[185],"gain":[187],"comes":[188],"low":[191],"cost":[192],"whose":[195],"size":[196],"just":[198],"0.6%":[199],"entire":[202],"dataset":[203],"demonstrate":[205],"scalability":[207],"an":[211],"ever":[212],"increasing":[213],"volume":[214],"future":[216],"datasets.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
