{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388723845","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3633206","title":"Unveiling the Threat: Investigating Distributed and Centralized Backdoor Attacks in Federated Graph Neural Networks","display_name":"Unveiling the Threat: Investigating Distributed and Centralized Backdoor Attacks in Federated Graph Neural Networks","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388723845","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3633206"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3633206","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3633206","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3633206","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235901","display_name":"Digital Threats Research and Practice","issn_l":"2576-5337","issn":["2576-5337","2692-1626"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Digital Threats: Research and Practice","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3633206","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041333761","display_name":"Jing Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9900-4081"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9900-4081","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101725689","display_name":"Stefanos Koffas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6543-4801"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefanos Koffas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6543-4801","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024072796","display_name":"Stjepan Picek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7509-4337"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145872427","display_name":"Radboud University Nijmegen","ror":"https://ror.org/016xsfp80","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stjepan Picek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7509-4337","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9602,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79745964,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"2","first_page":"1","last_page":"29"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10927","display_name":"Access Control and Trust","score":0.920199990272522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backdoor","display_name":"Backdoor","score":0.9961874485015869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7114338278770447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resilience","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","score":0.5329756736755371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5096249580383301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.49854350090026855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/popularity","display_name":"Popularity","score":0.45824453234672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3606737554073334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.34541550278663635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.08348995447158813}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781045450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254569","display_name":"Backdoor","level":2,"score":0.9961874485015869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7114338278770447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779585090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3457762","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.5329756736755371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5096249580383301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.49854350090026855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1357284","display_name":"Popularity","level":2,"score":0.45824453234672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3606737554073334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.34541550278663635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.08348995447158813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3633206","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3633206","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3633206","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235901","display_name":"Digital Threats Research and Practice","issn_l":"2576-5337","issn":["2576-5337","2692-1626"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Digital Threats: Research and Practice","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.ubn.ru.nl:2066/308848","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2066/308848","pdf_url":"https://repository.ubn.ru.nl//bitstream/handle/2066/308848/308848.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401067","display_name":"Radboud Repository (Radboud University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I145872427","host_organization_name":"Radboud University Nijmegen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article / Letter to editor"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3633206","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3633206","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3633206","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235901","display_name":"Digital Threats Research and Practice","issn_l":"2576-5337","issn":["2576-5337","2692-1626"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Digital Threats: Research and Practice","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","score":0.44999998807907104,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4388723845.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4388723845.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2008620264","https://openalex.org/W2099438806","https://openalex.org/W2112090702","https://openalex.org/W2230539774","https://openalex.org/W2752689052","https://openalex.org/W2886444620","https://openalex.org/W2900120080","https://openalex.org/W2907492528","https://openalex.org/W2913243576","https://openalex.org/W2913570153","https://openalex.org/W2951157442","https://openalex.org/W2951659295","https://openalex.org/W2962711740","https://openalex.org/W2968734407","https://openalex.org/W2969996838","https://openalex.org/W2971567992","https://openalex.org/W2976938498","https://openalex.org/W3009901425","https://openalex.org/W3015616869","https://openalex.org/W3038028469","https://openalex.org/W3042313988","https://openalex.org/W3084563952","https://openalex.org/W3099064659","https://openalex.org/W3127173367","https://openalex.org/W3165863275","https://openalex.org/W3175919946","https://openalex.org/W3190469032","https://openalex.org/W3215602957","https://openalex.org/W3217476764","https://openalex.org/W4221155263","https://openalex.org/W4252973173","https://openalex.org/W4287977550","https://openalex.org/W4287995911","https://openalex.org/W4288104309","https://openalex.org/W4288358813","https://openalex.org/W4362679323","https://openalex.org/W4385484684","https://openalex.org/W6754708698","https://openalex.org/W6754929296","https://openalex.org/W6755988804","https://openalex.org/W6758455886","https://openalex.org/W6771536673","https://openalex.org/W6772265129","https://openalex.org/W6782848076","https://openalex.org/W6796149743"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4320031223","https://openalex.org/W3015678314","https://openalex.org/W4281902577","https://openalex.org/W4200629851","https://openalex.org/W3009072493","https://openalex.org/W4386185023","https://openalex.org/W4317672133","https://openalex.org/W3140988292","https://openalex.org/W4386080799","https://openalex.org/W4382469137"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Graph":[0],"neural":[1],"networks":[2],"(GNNs)":[3],"have":[4],"gained":[5],"significant":[6],"popularity":[7],"as":[8,36],"powerful":[9],"deep":[10],"learning":[11,33,54],"methods":[12],"for":[13],"processing":[14],"graph":[15],"data.":[16],"However,":[17],"centralized":[18,89],"GNNs":[19,69],"face":[20],"challenges":[21],"in":[22,86,124,191],"data-sensitive":[23],"scenarios":[24],"due":[25],"to":[26,58,183],"privacy":[27],"concerns":[28],"and":[29,93,143,153,168],"regulatory":[30],"restrictions.":[31],"Federated":[32,68,87,125,192],"has":[34,55],"emerged":[35],"a":[37,45,106],"promising":[38],"technology":[39],"that":[40,103,162],"enables":[41],"collaborative":[42],"training":[43],"of":[44,67,83,120,137,151,179,188],"shared":[46],"global":[47],"model":[48],"while":[49],"preserving":[50],"privacy.":[51],"Although":[52],"federated":[53],"been":[56],"applied":[57],"train":[59],"GNNs,":[60,126],"no":[61],"research":[62,77],"focuses":[63],"on":[64],"the":[65,118,149,172,177,185],"robustness":[66],"against":[70,155],"backdoor":[71,84,90,95,122,189],"attacks.":[72],"This":[73,175],"article":[74],"bridges":[75],"this":[76],"gap":[78],"by":[79],"investigating":[80],"two":[81,156],"types":[82],"attacks":[85,123,190],"GNNs:":[88],"attack":[91,96],"(CBA)":[92],"distributed":[94],"(DBA).":[97],"Through":[98],"extensive":[99],"experiments,":[100],"we":[101,127,147],"demonstrate":[102],"DBA":[104,152,167],"exhibits":[105],"higher":[107],"success":[108],"rate":[109],"than":[110],"CBA":[111,154,169],"across":[112],"various":[113],"scenarios.":[114],"To":[115],"further":[116],"explore":[117,148],"characteristics":[119],"these":[121],"evaluate":[128],"their":[129],"performance":[130],"under":[131],"different":[132],"scenarios,":[133],"including":[134],"varying":[135],"numbers":[136],"clients,":[138],"trigger":[139,144],"sizes,":[140],"poisoning":[141],"intensities,":[142],"densities.":[145],"Additionally,":[146],"resilience":[150],"defense":[157],"mechanisms.":[158],"Our":[159],"findings":[160],"reveal":[161],"both":[163],"defenses":[164,182],"cannot":[165],"eliminate":[166],"without":[170],"affecting":[171],"original":[173],"task.":[174],"highlights":[176],"necessity":[178],"developing":[180],"tailored":[181],"mitigate":[184],"novel":[186],"threat":[187],"GNNs.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-02T09:51:11.867554","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}