{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390605315","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3632935","title":"Programmatic Strategy Synthesis: Resolving Nondeterminism in Probabilistic Programs","display_name":"Programmatic Strategy Synthesis: Resolving Nondeterminism in Probabilistic Programs","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390605315","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3632935"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3632935","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3632935","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3632935","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216081","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","issn_l":"2475-1421","issn":["2475-1421"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3632935","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055444271","display_name":"Kevin Batz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8705-2564"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin Batz","raw_affiliation_strings":["RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8705-2564","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093272072","display_name":"Tom Jannik Biskup","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0169-641X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tom Jannik Biskup","raw_affiliation_strings":["RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0169-641X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090819329","display_name":"Joost-Pieter Katoen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6143-1926"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joost-Pieter Katoen","raw_affiliation_strings":["RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6143-1926","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088301072","display_name":"Tobias Winkler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1084-6408"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tobias Winkler","raw_affiliation_strings":["RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1084-6408","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.1704,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92123755,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"POPL","first_page":"2792","last_page":"2820"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11303","display_name":"Bayesian Modeling and Causal Inference","score":0.9902999997138977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11235","display_name":"Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials","score":0.9711999893188477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reachability","display_name":"Reachability","score":0.8006895780563354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7117460370063782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.6439317464828491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5848047733306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precondition","display_name":"Precondition","score":0.5643395185470581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-decision-process","display_name":"Markov decision process","score":0.5587906837463379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","score":0.44380828738212585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-process","display_name":"Markov process","score":0.37246933579444885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.35338395833969116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.31112855672836304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2311459481716156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.12707769870758057}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136643341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1361526","display_name":"Reachability","level":2,"score":0.8006895780563354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7117460370063782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.6439317464828491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5848047733306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192465680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1413450","display_name":"Precondition","level":2,"score":0.5643395185470581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106189395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176789","display_name":"Markov decision process","level":3,"score":0.5587906837463379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182365436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50701","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.44380828738212585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.37246933579444885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.35338395833969116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.31112855672836304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2311459481716156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.12707769870758057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3632935","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3632935","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3632935","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216081","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","issn_l":"2475-1421","issn":["2475-1421"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3632935","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3632935","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3632935","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216081","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","issn_l":"2475-1421","issn":["2475-1421"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.7799999713897705}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2302795432","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RTG 2236","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6681561311","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DFG RTG 2236 UnRAVeL","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7782281134","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AdG 787914 FRAPPANT","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334678","funder_display_name":"European Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334678","display_name":"European Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0472cxd90"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390605315.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390605315.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W169931978","https://openalex.org/W1479679270","https://openalex.org/W1481858916","https://openalex.org/W1498004481","https://openalex.org/W1498432697","https://openalex.org/W1729037535","https://openalex.org/W1734364899","https://openalex.org/W1982800675","https://openalex.org/W1999766763","https://openalex.org/W2000108089","https://openalex.org/W2048239613","https://openalex.org/W2052092737","https://openalex.org/W2066210260","https://openalex.org/W2095414659","https://openalex.org/W2130427425","https://openalex.org/W2134991157","https://openalex.org/W2142393723","https://openalex.org/W2220995138","https://openalex.org/W2222812367","https://openalex.org/W2334782222","https://openalex.org/W2464408876","https://openalex.org/W2527393991","https://openalex.org/W2759180318","https://openalex.org/W2761522698","https://openalex.org/W2763611255","https://openalex.org/W2785797961","https://openalex.org/W2803490327","https://openalex.org/W2860675612","https://openalex.org/W2963258324","https://openalex.org/W2995951356","https://openalex.org/W3022567966","https://openalex.org/W3103677430","https://openalex.org/W3105901895","https://openalex.org/W3119972339","https://openalex.org/W3125330751","https://openalex.org/W3134410578","https://openalex.org/W3167391728","https://openalex.org/W3179132544","https://openalex.org/W3186609013","https://openalex.org/W4212845139","https://openalex.org/W4225120439","https://openalex.org/W4244819751","https://openalex.org/W4252345548","https://openalex.org/W4253748132","https://openalex.org/W4280542425","https://openalex.org/W4315606091","https://openalex.org/W4366451130","https://openalex.org/W4386794382","https://openalex.org/W4388717631","https://openalex.org/W6929321084"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2294916142","https://openalex.org/W1581362285","https://openalex.org/W1988458526","https://openalex.org/W2953046944","https://openalex.org/W2753578936","https://openalex.org/W830459867","https://openalex.org/W2315999538","https://openalex.org/W187740018","https://openalex.org/W2162286586","https://openalex.org/W4255368532"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,61,116],"consider":[1],"imperative":[2],"programs":[3],"that":[4,25],"involve":[5],"both":[6],"randomization":[7],"and":[8,65],"pure":[9,22],"nondeterminism.":[10],"The":[11],"central":[12],"question":[13],"is":[14],"how":[15,63,118],"to":[16,53,98,122,143],"find":[17],"a":[18,31,47,56,73],"strategy":[19],"resolving":[20],"the":[21,26,42,51,83,102,123],"nondeterminism":[23],"such":[24,40],"so-obtained":[27],"determinized":[28],"program":[29,48,114],"satisfies":[30],"given":[32,57],"quantitative":[33],"specification,":[34],"i.e.,":[35],"bounds":[36],"on":[37],"expected":[38,43],"outcomes":[39],"as":[41],"final":[44],"value":[45],"of":[46,59,126],"variable":[49],"or":[50],"probability":[52],"terminate":[54],"in":[55,72,113,129],"set":[58],"states.":[60],"show":[62,117],"memoryless":[64],"deterministic":[66],"(MD)":[67],"strategies":[68,85,128],"can":[69],"be":[70],"obtained":[71],"semi-automatic":[74],"fashion":[75],"using":[76],"deductive":[77],"verification":[78],"techniques.":[79],"For":[80],"loop-free":[81],"programs,":[82,100],"MD":[84],"resulting":[86],"from":[87],"our":[88,119,141],"weakest":[89],"preconditionstyle":[90],"framework":[91],"are":[92,104],"correct":[93],"by":[94],"construction.":[95],"This":[96],"extends":[97],"loopy":[99],"provided":[101],"loops":[103],"equipped":[105],"with":[106,135],"suitable":[107],"loop":[108],"invariants":[109],"-":[110],"just":[111],"like":[112],"verification.":[115],"technique":[120,142],"relates":[121],"well-studied":[124],"problem":[125],"obtaining":[127],"countably":[130],"infinite":[131],"Markov":[132],"decision":[133],"processes":[134],"reachabilityreward":[136],"objectives.":[137],"Finally,":[138],"we":[139],"apply":[140],"several":[144],"case":[145],"studies.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
