{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390604711","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3632912","title":"Mechanizing Refinement Types","display_name":"Mechanizing Refinement Types","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390604711","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3632912"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3632912","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3632912","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3632912","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216081","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","issn_l":"2475-1421","issn":["2475-1421"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3632912","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041235869","display_name":"Michael H. Borkowski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8599-2237"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael H. Borkowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8599-2237","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078144924","display_name":"Niki Vazou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0732-5476"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162154","display_name":"IMDEA Software Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04xvfkh51","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I105140100","https://openalex.org/I4210162154"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Niki Vazou","raw_affiliation_strings":["IMDEA Software Institute, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0732-5476","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMDEA Software Institute, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162154"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002412544","display_name":"Ranjit Jhala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1802-9421"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ranjit Jhala","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1802-9421","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6126,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84529176,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"POPL","first_page":"2099","last_page":"2128"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soundness","display_name":"Soundness","score":0.979992687702179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metatheory","display_name":"Metatheory","score":0.8932230472564697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subtyping","display_name":"Subtyping","score":0.8020144701004028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7213730216026306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.7118414640426636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/completeness","display_name":"Completeness (order theory)","score":0.4996819496154785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type","display_name":"Type (biology)","score":0.4758322238922119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.4693000912666321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-inference","display_name":"Type inference","score":0.46591711044311523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-type","display_name":"Data type","score":0.4559018313884735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3922033905982971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.18405506014823914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.15709009766578674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1363917589187622}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39920170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q693083","display_name":"Soundness","level":2,"score":0.979992687702179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39387531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096708","display_name":"Metatheory","level":2,"score":0.8932230472564697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83852419","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2713292","display_name":"Subtyping","level":2,"score":0.8020144701004028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7213730216026306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.7118414640426636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17231256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156540","display_name":"Completeness (order theory)","level":2,"score":0.4996819496154785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777299769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3707858","display_name":"Type (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4758322238922119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4693000912666321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198370458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q586459","display_name":"Type inference","level":3,"score":0.46591711044311523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138958017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190087","display_name":"Data type","level":2,"score":0.4559018313884735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3922033905982971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.18405506014823914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.15709009766578674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1363917589187622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3632912","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3632912","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3632912","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216081","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","issn_l":"2475-1421","issn":["2475-1421"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt7fc4s4g7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7fc4s4g7","pdf_url":"https://escholarship.org/content/qt7fc4s4g7/qt7fc4s4g7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"etd"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3632912","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3632912","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3632912","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216081","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","issn_l":"2475-1421","issn":["2475-1421"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1731022612","display_name":"SHF: Small: Collaborative research: Language-Integrated Verification for Determininistic Parallelism","funder_award_id":"1911213","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2625870048","display_name":"SHF: Medium: Generating Correctness Proofs with Neural Networks","funder_award_id":"1955457","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2628043840","display_name":"FMitF: Collaborative Research: Track I: Finding and Eliminating Bugs in Operating Systems","funder_award_id":"1918573","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2697868850","display_name":"Collaborative Research: SaTC: CORE: Large: Building and Deploying a Verified JavaScript Runtime","funder_award_id":"2120642","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G39108972","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N00014-19-1-2292","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6432252581","display_name":"Collaborative Research: SaTC: CORE: Medium: End-to-end Verified Secure Sandboxed Systems","funder_award_id":"2155235","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6762508499","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"101039196","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334678","funder_display_name":"European Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8692963027","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Ref. N00014-19-1-2292","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8876996369","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N00014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308943","display_name":"Microsoft Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334322","display_name":"HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334678","display_name":"European Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0472cxd90"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390604711.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390604711.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W168400685","https://openalex.org/W1480909796","https://openalex.org/W1502282368","https://openalex.org/W1557561422","https://openalex.org/W1581378641","https://openalex.org/W1606543423","https://openalex.org/W1748618619","https://openalex.org/W1973186567","https://openalex.org/W1986188859","https://openalex.org/W2025431400","https://openalex.org/W2034711041","https://openalex.org/W2045900383","https://openalex.org/W2057292961","https://openalex.org/W2073904768","https://openalex.org/W2095631859","https://openalex.org/W2099281706","https://openalex.org/W2099537756","https://openalex.org/W2125690388","https://openalex.org/W2130427425","https://openalex.org/W2139143398","https://openalex.org/W2141210774","https://openalex.org/W2267469130","https://openalex.org/W2273111921","https://openalex.org/W2295020882","https://openalex.org/W2295923951","https://openalex.org/W2586829215","https://openalex.org/W2751092273","https://openalex.org/W2767258384","https://openalex.org/W2839528116","https://openalex.org/W2900152012","https://openalex.org/W2927725532","https://openalex.org/W2964054648","https://openalex.org/W2965156518","https://openalex.org/W2990172991","https://openalex.org/W3047432916","https://openalex.org/W3123689272","https://openalex.org/W3125174003","https://openalex.org/W3125985216","https://openalex.org/W3202806445","https://openalex.org/W4205626690","https://openalex.org/W4285303404","https://openalex.org/W4294840141","https://openalex.org/W4379536176","https://openalex.org/W4386317058","https://openalex.org/W6802876763","https://openalex.org/W6894210495","https://openalex.org/W6913194474"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2593125519","https://openalex.org/W3027723509","https://openalex.org/W4390604711","https://openalex.org/W2733168542","https://openalex.org/W2563592207","https://openalex.org/W4298104918","https://openalex.org/W2552165488","https://openalex.org/W1510917942","https://openalex.org/W1810290248","https://openalex.org/W1595983599"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Practical":[0],"checkers":[1],"based":[2],"on":[3],"refinement":[4,38,55,119],"types":[5,120],"use":[6,109],"the":[7,18,22,35,75,149,153],"combination":[8,43],"of":[9,24,27,34,37,74,83,155],"implicit":[10],"semantic":[11,59],"subtyping":[12,60],"and":[13,20,61,71,108],"parametric":[14,62],"polymorphism":[15],"to":[16,111],"simplify":[17],"specification":[19],"automate":[21],"verification":[23],"sophisticated":[25],"properties":[26],"programs.":[28],"However,":[29],"a":[30,53,66,92],"formal":[31],"metatheoretic":[32],"accounting":[33],"soundness":[36,73,139],"type":[39,76],"systems":[40],"using":[41],"this":[42,69],"has":[44],"proved":[45],"elusive.":[46],"We":[47,64],"present":[48],"\u03bb":[49],"R":[50],"F":[51],",":[52,91,134,146],"core":[54],"calculus":[56,70],"that":[57,95,113],"combines":[58],"polymorphism.":[63],"develop":[65],"metatheory":[67,154],"for":[68,100,124,151],"prove":[72],"system.":[77],"Finally,":[78],"we":[79,87,127],"give":[80],"two":[81],"mechanizations":[82],"our":[84,129],"metatheory.":[85],"First,":[86],"introduce":[88],"data":[89,106],"propositions":[90],"novel":[93],"feature":[94],"enables":[96],"encoding":[97],"derivation":[98],"trees":[99],"inductively":[101],"defined":[102],"judgments":[103],"as":[104],"refined":[105],"types,":[107],"them":[110],"show":[112],"L":[114,142,156],"iquid":[115,143,157],"H":[116,144,158],"askell":[117,145,159],"\u2019s":[118],"can":[121],"be":[122],"used":[123],"mechanization.":[125],"Second,":[126],"mechanize":[128],"results":[130],"in":[131],"C":[132],"oq":[133],"which":[135],"comes":[136],"with":[137],"stronger":[138],"guarantees":[140],"than":[141],"thereby":[147],"laying":[148],"foundations":[150],"mechanizing":[152],".":[160]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-08-27T14:10:00.468798","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}