{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390603329","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3632891","title":"Validation of Modern JSON Schema: Formalization and Complexity","display_name":"Validation of Modern JSON Schema: Formalization and Complexity","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390603329","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3632891"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3632891","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3632891","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3632891","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216081","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","issn_l":"2475-1421","issn":["2475-1421"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3632891","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077472783","display_name":"Lyes Attouche","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8454-6364"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56435720","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Dauphine-PSL","ror":"https://ror.org/052bz7812","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2746051580","https://openalex.org/I56435720"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lyes Attouche","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9 Paris-Dauphine - PSL, Paris, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Dauphine - PSL, Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56435720"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054178564","display_name":"Mohamed-Amine Baazizi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2728-5838"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39804081","display_name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/02en5vm52","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39804081"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed-Amine Baazizi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sorbonne University, Paris, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sorbonne University, Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39804081"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087371035","display_name":"Dario Colazzo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6031-0049"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56435720","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Dauphine-PSL","ror":"https://ror.org/052bz7812","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2746051580","https://openalex.org/I56435720"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dario Colazzo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9 Paris-Dauphine - PSL, Paris, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Dauphine - PSL, Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56435720"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023086477","display_name":"Giorgio Ghelli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0596-6395"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giorgio Ghelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026300883","display_name":"Carlo Sartiani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6514-3569"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20272500","display_name":"University of Basilicata","ror":"https://ror.org/03tc05689","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20272500"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carlo Sartiani","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20272500"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053676208","display_name":"Stefanie Scherzinger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1960-6171"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186354981","display_name":"University of Passau","ror":"https://ror.org/05ydjnb78","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186354981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefanie Scherzinger","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Passau, Passau, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Passau, Passau, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186354981"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077472783"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56435720"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.6334,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94956868,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"POPL","first_page":"1451","last_page":"1481"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10317","display_name":"Advanced Database Systems and Queries","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10317","display_name":"Advanced Database Systems and Queries","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11719","display_name":"Data Quality and Management","score":0.9868999719619751,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/json","display_name":"JSON","score":0.9725983738899231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.748693585395813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schema","display_name":"Schema (genetic algorithms)","score":0.6692157983779907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.5317109227180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.32873058319091797}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780416260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2063","display_name":"JSON","level":2,"score":0.9725983738899231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.748693585395813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52146309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7431116","display_name":"Schema (genetic algorithms)","level":2,"score":0.6692157983779907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.5317109227180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.32873058319091797}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3632891","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3632891","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3632891","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216081","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","issn_l":"2475-1421","issn":["2475-1421"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unibas.it:11563/186815","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11563/186815","pdf_url":"https://iris.unibas.it/bitstream/11563/186815/1/3632891.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196360","display_name":"CINECA IRIS Institutional Research Information System (University of Basilicata)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I20272500","host_organization_name":"University of Basilicata","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20272500"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arpi.unipi.it:11568/1272627","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3632891","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196265","display_name":"CINECA IRIS Institutial research information system (University of Pisa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","host_organization_name":"University of Pisa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3632891","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3632891","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3632891","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216081","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","issn_l":"2475-1421","issn":["2475-1421"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5106512922","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5411851736","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"385808805","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5547233753","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"85808805","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6743243744","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"unknown","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6761001837","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"101079043","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7429331252","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"project","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331528","funder_display_name":"Ministero dell'Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G762232396","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Project","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8051717526","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8940040365","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022AEEKXS","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331528","funder_display_name":"Ministero dell'Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331528","display_name":"Ministero dell'Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390603329.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390603329.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W203690387","https://openalex.org/W1989783863","https://openalex.org/W1998084650","https://openalex.org/W2109486375","https://openalex.org/W2112391755","https://openalex.org/W2134781086","https://openalex.org/W2341844252","https://openalex.org/W2574472735","https://openalex.org/W2948974967","https://openalex.org/W2992058379","https://openalex.org/W4254697110","https://openalex.org/W4317641613","https://openalex.org/W4384919756","https://openalex.org/W6704404914","https://openalex.org/W6948915137"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2753132265","https://openalex.org/W4234766820","https://openalex.org/W4321232174","https://openalex.org/W3117520771","https://openalex.org/W2482048793","https://openalex.org/W4388027365","https://openalex.org/W2938860153"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"JSON":[0,9,46,68,125,137,164,181,191],"Schema":[1,47,69,138,165,192],"is":[2,48,70,153,213,248,262,268,275,302],"the":[3,19,24,42,49,74,82,95,107,118,128,132,175,188,218,221,225,239,246,253,266,272,292],"de-facto":[4],"standard":[5],"schema":[6,83,240,254,267],"language":[7,12,84],"for":[8,102],"data.":[10],"The":[11],"went":[13],"through":[14],"many":[15,92],"minor":[16],"revisions,":[17],"but":[18,261],"most":[20],"recent":[21],"versions":[22,55],"of":[23,98,109,120,130,135,179,190,202,220,229,289],"language,":[25],"starting":[26],"from":[27,56],"Draft":[28,57,226],"2019-09,":[29,58],"added":[30],"two":[31],"novel":[32],"features,":[33,65,166],"dynamic":[34,230,298],"references":[35,301],"and":[36,89,140,195,232,241,270,299],"annotation-dependent":[37,235],"validation":[38,122,211],",":[39],"that":[40,208,217,245,283,285],"change":[41],"evaluation":[43],"model.":[44],"Modern":[45,124,163,180],"name":[50],"used":[51,71],"to":[52,72,87,144,155,252,277],"indicate":[53,73],"all":[54],"which":[59,152,183,196],"are":[60,287],"characterized":[61],"by":[62],"these":[63],"new":[64,78],"while":[66],"Classical":[67,136],"previous":[75],"versions.":[76],"These":[77],"\u201cmodern\u201d":[79],"features":[80],"make":[81],"quite":[85],"difficult":[86],"understand":[88],"have":[90,185],"generated":[91],"discussions":[93],"about":[94],"correct":[96],"interpretation":[97],"their":[99,110],"official":[100],"specifications;":[101],"this":[103,113,171,203],"reason,":[104],"we":[105,115,141,173,184,197,280],"undertook":[106],"task":[108],"formalization.":[111],"During":[112],"process,":[114,160],"also":[116],"analyzed":[117],"complexity":[119,134,296],"data":[121,150,210,242],"in":[123,224,234,263,294],"Schema,":[126,182],"with":[127,162,187,250,257,306],"idea":[129],"confirming":[131],"polynomial":[133],"validation,":[139,151],"were":[142],"surprised":[143],"discover":[145],"a":[146,167,199,258],"completely":[147],"different":[148],"truth:":[149],"expected":[154],"be":[156],"an":[157],"extremely":[158,303],"efficient":[159],"acquires,":[161],"PSPACE":[168],"complexity.":[169],"In":[170],"paper,":[172],"give":[174],"first":[176],"formal":[177],"description":[178],"discussed":[186],"community":[189],"tool":[193],"developers,":[194],"consider":[198],"central":[200],"contribution":[201],"work.":[204],"We":[205,215,237],"then":[206],"prove":[207,216],"its":[209],"problem":[212,222,247],"PSPACE-complete.":[214],"origin":[219],"lies":[223],"2020-12":[227],"version":[228],"references,":[231],"not":[233],"validation.":[236],"study":[238],"complexities,":[243],"showing":[244],"PSPACE-complete":[249],"respect":[251],"size":[255,274],"even":[256,305],"fixed":[259,269],"instance":[260,273],"P":[264],"when":[265],"only":[271],"allowed":[276],"vary.":[278],"Finally,":[279],"run":[281],"experiments":[282],"show":[284],"there":[286],"families":[288],"schemas":[290],"where":[291],"difference":[293],"asymptotic":[295],"between":[297],"static":[300],"visible,":[304],"small":[307],"schemas.":[308]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
