{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400446089","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3632775.3661991","title":"T-IDS: A Thermal-Model-based Intrusion Detection System for Wind Turbines","display_name":"T-IDS: A Thermal-Model-based Intrusion Detection System for Wind Turbines","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400446089","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3632775.3661991"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3632775.3661991","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3632775.3661991","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3632775.3661991?download=true","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The 15th ACM International Conference on Future and Sustainable Energy Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3632775.3661991?download=true","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090156909","display_name":"Ngoc Que Anh Tran","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921990950","display_name":"University of Colorado Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/02hh7en24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ngoc Que Anh Tran","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Colorado Denver, United States of America"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Colorado Denver, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100745391","display_name":"Liang He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0741-8795"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921990950","display_name":"University of Colorado Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/02hh7en24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang He","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Colorado Denver, United States of America"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Colorado Denver, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5090156909"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.09794679,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"648","last_page":"654"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9761999845504761,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9761999845504761,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9291999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-detection-system","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","score":0.7477408051490784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-power","display_name":"Wind power","score":0.6930050849914551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5845757722854614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion","display_name":"Intrusion","score":0.46401891112327576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal","display_name":"Thermal","score":0.4232890009880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.2427746057510376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.19891762733459473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.163883239030838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15017077326774597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.10152453184127808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.06568589806556702}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.7477408051490784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78600449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43302","display_name":"Wind power","level":2,"score":0.6930050849914551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5845757722854614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158251709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q354025","display_name":"Intrusion","level":2,"score":0.46401891112327576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204530211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752823","display_name":"Thermal","level":2,"score":0.4232890009880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2427746057510376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.19891762733459473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.163883239030838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15017077326774597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.10152453184127808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.06568589806556702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17409809","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161764","display_name":"Geochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3632775.3661991","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3632775.3661991","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3632775.3661991?download=true","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The 15th ACM International Conference on Future and Sustainable Energy Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3632775.3661991","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3632775.3661991","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3632775.3661991?download=true","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The 15th ACM International Conference on Future and Sustainable Energy Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8700000047683716}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4374500410","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2231759","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4477795156","display_name":"Collaborative Research: SaTC: CORE: Medium: Securing Interactions between Driver and Vehicle Using Batteries","funder_award_id":"2245224","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5767906726","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2245223","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G848032724","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4400446089.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2599989678","https://openalex.org/W2907303589","https://openalex.org/W3043664388","https://openalex.org/W3092417622","https://openalex.org/W3135422657","https://openalex.org/W4242916712","https://openalex.org/W4311529969","https://openalex.org/W4313478983","https://openalex.org/W4377148566","https://openalex.org/W4389154806","https://openalex.org/W4393598321"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W2133389611"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"advances":[2],"the":[3,11,19,40,54,67,84,87,98,126],"intrusion":[4,27],"detection":[5,28],"of":[6,15,39,59,72,86,109,134,152],"wind":[7,73,136],"turbines":[8],"by":[9,96],"exploiting":[10],"inter-dependent":[12],"thermal":[13,37,70,81,88,100],"behaviors":[14,38],"individual":[16],"modules":[17,48],"within":[18],"turbines.":[20],"Specifically,":[21],"we":[22],"present":[23],"a":[24,63,75,91,123,135],"novel":[25],"thermal-model-based":[26],"system,":[29],"called":[30],"T-IDS,":[31],"to":[32,79,93,114],"detect":[33,94],"intrusions":[34],"causing":[35,45],"abnormal":[36],"turbines,":[41,74],"such":[42],"as":[43],"those":[44],"damaged":[46],"physical":[47],"(and":[49],"hence":[50],"heating)":[51],"or":[52],"manipulating":[53],"temperature":[55],"readings.":[56],"T-IDS":[57,110,121,145],"consists":[58],"three":[60],"key":[61],"components:":[62],"graph":[64,89],"model":[65],"describing":[66],"dependencies":[68],"among":[69],"variables":[71,82,101],"random":[76],"forest-based":[77],"method":[78,92],"predict":[80],"in":[83],"steering":[85],"and":[90],"anomalies":[95,147],"cross-validating":[97],"predicted":[99],"with":[102,148],"their":[103],"empirical":[104],"observations.":[105],"The":[106,141],"optimal":[107],"configuration":[108],"is":[111],"also":[112],"examined":[113],"ensure":[115],"its":[116],"robustness.":[117],"We":[118],"have":[119],"evaluated":[120],"using":[122],"dataset":[124],"containing":[125],"Supervisory":[127],"Control":[128],"And":[129],"Data":[130],"Acquisition":[131],"(SCADA)":[132],"log":[133],"turbine":[137],"over":[138],"six":[139],"months.":[140],"results":[142],"show":[143],"that":[144],"detects":[146],"an":[149],"average":[150],"accuracy":[151],"97.6%":[153],"while":[154],"incurring":[155],"no":[156],"false":[157],"detection.":[158]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}