{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388671832","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3632745","title":"PTM-APIRec: Leveraging Pre-trained Models of Source Code in API Recommendation","display_name":"PTM-APIRec: Leveraging Pre-trained Models of Source Code in API Recommendation","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388671832","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3632745"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3632745","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3632745","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142627899","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","issn_l":"1049-331X","issn":["1049-331X","1557-7392"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100380129","display_name":"Zhihao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6357-201X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhihao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology at Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6357-201X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology at Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103039853","display_name":"Chuanyi Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9270-5072"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chuanyi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology at Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9270-5072","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology at Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068879417","display_name":"Ze Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8062-9986"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ze Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology at Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8062-9986","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology at Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103238750","display_name":"Wanhong Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4505-3665"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wanhong Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology at Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4505-3665","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology at Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075214885","display_name":"Jidong Ge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1773-0942"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jidong Ge","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology at Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1773-0942","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology at Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073104000","display_name":"Bin Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9036-0063"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bin Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology at Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9036-0063","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology at Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102732054","display_name":"Vincent Ng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8237-429X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162577319","display_name":"The University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vincent Ng","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Texas at Dallas, Texas, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8237-429X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Texas at Dallas, Texas, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100428031","display_name":"Ting Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0071-1127"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250653659","display_name":"Tencent (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhjss72","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250653659"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ting Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tencent, Guangdong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0071-1127","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tencent, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250653659"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yucheng Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8856-4657"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250653659","display_name":"Tencent (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhjss72","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250653659"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yucheng Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tencent, Guangdong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8856-4657","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tencent, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250653659"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100614076","display_name":"Xiaopeng Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250653659","display_name":"Tencent (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhjss72","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250653659"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaopeng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tencent, Guangdong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7622-7972","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tencent, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250653659"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.9875,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97040729,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"3","first_page":"1","last_page":"30"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12016","display_name":"Web Data Mining and Analysis","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8933994770050049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snippet","display_name":"Snippet","score":0.7599366903305054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-code","display_name":"Source code","score":0.5520036816596985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.5451942086219788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.4936712682247162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/android","display_name":"Android (operating system)","score":0.47623470425605774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encode","display_name":"ENCODE","score":0.46691110730171204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.43540632724761963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.429145485162735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plug-in","display_name":"Plug-in","score":0.4134935736656189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.33827608823776245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.335450142621994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.1552647352218628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.09365332126617432}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8933994770050049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777822670","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120538","display_name":"Snippet","level":2,"score":0.7599366903305054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.5520036816596985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.5451942086219788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.4936712682247162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557433098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94","display_name":"Android (operating system)","level":2,"score":0.47623470425605774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66746571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134833","display_name":"ENCODE","level":3,"score":0.46691110730171204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.43540632724761963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.429145485162735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4924752","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184148","display_name":"Plug-in","level":2,"score":0.4134935736656189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.33827608823776245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.335450142621994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.1552647352218628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.09365332126617432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3632745","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3632745","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142627899","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","issn_l":"1049-331X","issn":["1049-331X","1557-7392"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1958972189","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK20201250","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4462563244","display_name":"I-Corps: Fragmented Learning App based on Knowledge Graphs","funder_award_id":"2034508","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4931251985","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2034508","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6607556526","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61802167","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321605","display_name":"Government of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/004svx814"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W46679369","https://openalex.org/W90447038","https://openalex.org/W1970607969","https://openalex.org/W2014577207","https://openalex.org/W2137711347","https://openalex.org/W2143861926","https://openalex.org/W2148190602","https://openalex.org/W2245898723","https://openalex.org/W2266912522","https://openalex.org/W2402619042","https://openalex.org/W2406365535","https://openalex.org/W2547212960","https://openalex.org/W2548627465","https://openalex.org/W2747329762","https://openalex.org/W2888017562","https://openalex.org/W2888559334","https://openalex.org/W2899418668","https://openalex.org/W2950368691","https://openalex.org/W2954149564","https://openalex.org/W2955972181","https://openalex.org/W2963341956","https://openalex.org/W2965373594","https://openalex.org/W2973529529","https://openalex.org/W3000135256","https://openalex.org/W3005373223","https://openalex.org/W3098605233","https://openalex.org/W3100026183","https://openalex.org/W3108032709","https://openalex.org/W3121707215","https://openalex.org/W3146720657","https://openalex.org/W3150567095","https://openalex.org/W3150708171","https://openalex.org/W3170092793","https://openalex.org/W3177813494","https://openalex.org/W3198685994","https://openalex.org/W3209771704","https://openalex.org/W3211801722","https://openalex.org/W3213564796","https://openalex.org/W4213053623","https://openalex.org/W4221166942","https://openalex.org/W4225407062","https://openalex.org/W4226075195","https://openalex.org/W4226287673","https://openalex.org/W4226463316","https://openalex.org/W4284697810","https://openalex.org/W4284709654","https://openalex.org/W4380551989","https://openalex.org/W4394638297","https://openalex.org/W6601894380","https://openalex.org/W6798182279"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1607713096","https://openalex.org/W3036724449","https://openalex.org/W2798329462","https://openalex.org/W1511521437","https://openalex.org/W3201315194","https://openalex.org/W4318980730","https://openalex.org/W4289376745","https://openalex.org/W2950904665","https://openalex.org/W4313563525","https://openalex.org/W4384811727"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recommending":[0],"APIs":[1,156],"is":[2,16,40,185,196],"a":[3],"practical":[4],"and":[5,80,139,154,166],"essential":[6],"feature":[7],"of":[8,13,27,37,69,99,120,133,183],"IDEs.":[9],"Improving":[10],"the":[11,25,33,52,56,76,95,112,118,130,134,140,150,155,164,181,188],"accuracy":[12,119],"API":[14,38,53,121,141,201],"recommendations":[15],"an":[17,176],"effective":[18,177],"way":[19,178],"to":[20,93,109,116,157,179,186,198],"improve":[21,117,180],"coding":[22],"efficiency.":[23],"With":[24],"success":[26],"deep":[28],"learning":[29],"in":[30,55,74,83],"software":[31],"engineering,":[32],"state-of-the-art":[34],"(SOTA)":[35],"performance":[36,182],"recommendation":[39,85,202],"also":[41],"achieved":[42],"by":[43],"deep-learning-based":[44],"approaches.":[45,174],"However,":[46],"existing":[47,100,173],"SOTAs":[48],"either":[49],"only":[50],"consider":[51],"sequences":[54],"code":[57,78,96,102,114,131,152],"snippets":[58,79],"or":[59],"rely":[60],"on":[61,163],"complex":[62],"operations":[63],"for":[64,149],"extracting":[65],"hand-crafted":[66],"features,":[67],"all":[68],"which":[70],"have":[71],"potential":[72],"risks":[73],"under-encoding":[75],"input":[77,113,135,151],"further":[81],"resulting":[82],"sub-optimal":[84],"performance.":[86],"To":[87,127],"this":[88,90],"end,":[89],"article":[91],"proposes":[92],"utilize":[94],"understanding":[97],"ability":[98],"general":[101],"P":[103],"re-":[104],"T":[105],"raining":[106],"M":[107],"odels":[108],"fully":[110,137],"encode":[111],"snippet":[115,153],"Rec":[122],"ommendation,":[123],"namely,":[124],"PTM-APIRec":[125,171,184],".":[126],"ensure":[128],"that":[129,170],"semantics":[132],"are":[136],"understood":[138],"recommended":[142],"actually":[143],"exists,":[144],"we":[145],"use":[146],"separate":[147],"vocabularies":[148],"be":[158],"predicted.":[159],"The":[160],"experimental":[161],"results":[162],"JDK":[165],"Android":[167],"datasets":[168],"show":[169],"surpasses":[172],"Besides,":[175],"enhance":[187],"pre-trained":[189],"model":[190],"with":[191],"more":[192],"pre-training":[193],"data":[194],"(which":[195],"easier":[197],"obtain":[199],"than":[200],"datasets).":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
