{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401357808","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3632620.3671092","title":"Debugging with an AI Tutor: Investigating Novice Help-seeking Behaviors and Perceived Learning","display_name":"Debugging with an AI Tutor: Investigating Novice Help-seeking Behaviors and Perceived Learning","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-08-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401357808","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3632620.3671092"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3632620.3671092","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3632620.3671092","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2024 ACM Conference on International Computing Education Research - Volume 1","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055783560","display_name":"Stephanie Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7737-6729"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stephanie Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard Graduate School of Education, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7737-6729","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard Graduate School of Education, United States","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108771122","display_name":"Hanzhang Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8492-6803"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanzhang Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard Graduate School of Education, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7264-3588","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard Graduate School of Education, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113322404","display_name":"Yudian Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yudian Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard Graduate School of Education, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0650-2052","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard Graduate School of Education, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075352227","display_name":"Karen Brennan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0297-5413"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karen Brennan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard Graduate School of Education, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0297-5413","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard Graduate School of Education, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075953566","display_name":"Bertrand Schneider","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0922-2593"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bertrand Schneider","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard Graduate School of Education, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0922-2593","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard Graduate School of Education, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055783560"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.8332,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9727862,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"84","last_page":"94"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9761000275611877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12128","display_name":"AI in Service Interactions","score":0.9606000185012817,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tutor","display_name":"TUTOR","score":0.8870679140090942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/debugging","display_name":"Debugging","score":0.8306955099105835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6717166304588318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.6041827201843262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.1468031108379364}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778371403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7672049","display_name":"TUTOR","level":2,"score":0.8870679140090942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168065819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845566","display_name":"Debugging","level":2,"score":0.8306955099105835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6717166304588318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.6041827201843262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.1468031108379364}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3632620.3671092","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3632620.3671092","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2024 ACM Conference on International Computing Education Research - Volume 1","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1574060188","https://openalex.org/W1969675023","https://openalex.org/W1971916043","https://openalex.org/W1979290264","https://openalex.org/W1993199499","https://openalex.org/W2001319819","https://openalex.org/W2004451884","https://openalex.org/W2028541301","https://openalex.org/W2042139530","https://openalex.org/W2092239677","https://openalex.org/W2104855092","https://openalex.org/W2122401044","https://openalex.org/W2158703238","https://openalex.org/W2167252040","https://openalex.org/W2480834401","https://openalex.org/W2746960282","https://openalex.org/W2908180159","https://openalex.org/W2982364419","https://openalex.org/W3000240292","https://openalex.org/W3032979151","https://openalex.org/W3033595121","https://openalex.org/W3043626478","https://openalex.org/W3133959936","https://openalex.org/W3212315935","https://openalex.org/W4240463245","https://openalex.org/W4251628379","https://openalex.org/W4293097889","https://openalex.org/W4312099640","https://openalex.org/W4312689373","https://openalex.org/W4321162272","https://openalex.org/W4323033692","https://openalex.org/W4323033785","https://openalex.org/W4323033814","https://openalex.org/W4323037774","https://openalex.org/W4382654294","https://openalex.org/W4390315357","https://openalex.org/W4390490759","https://openalex.org/W4390490804","https://openalex.org/W4390490882","https://openalex.org/W4392563703","https://openalex.org/W4396833177"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2478195092","https://openalex.org/W4312351362","https://openalex.org/W2362145073","https://openalex.org/W2358338760","https://openalex.org/W4321442002","https://openalex.org/W2015265939","https://openalex.org/W2284072287","https://openalex.org/W183073912"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Debugging":[0],"is":[1],"a":[2,52,160],"crucial":[3],"skill":[4],"for":[5,12,28,163,195],"programmers,":[6],"yet":[7],"it":[8,158],"can":[9],"be":[10],"challenging":[11],"novices":[13],"to":[14,33,199],"learn.":[15],"The":[16],"introduction":[17],"of":[18,126],"large":[19],"language":[20],"models":[21],"(LLMs)":[22],"has":[23],"opened":[24],"up":[25],"new":[26],"possibilities":[27],"providing":[29],"personalized":[30],"debugging":[31,58,69,117,165],"support":[32,200],"students.":[34],"However,":[35],"concerns":[36],"have":[37],"been":[38],"raised":[39],"about":[40],"potential":[41],"student":[42],"over-reliance":[43],"on":[44,84,133,185],"LLM-based":[45,54],"tools.":[46],"This":[47],"mixed-methods":[48],"study":[49],"investigates":[50],"how":[51,95,103],"pedagogically-designed":[53],"chatbot":[55,92,171],"supports":[56],"students\u2019":[57,134],"efforts":[59],"in":[60],"an":[61],"introductory":[62],"programming":[63],"course.":[64],"We":[65,81],"conducted":[66],"interviews":[67],"and":[68,102,124,147,178,192],"think-aloud":[70],"tasks":[71],"with":[72,98,109,128,136],"20":[73],"students":[74,87,143,168],"at":[75],"three":[76],"points":[77],"throughout":[78],"the":[79,91,99,110,116,129,137,145,152],"semester.":[80],"specifically":[82],"focused":[83],"characterizing":[85],"when":[86],"initiate":[88],"help":[89],"from":[90,115],"during":[93],"debugging,":[94],"they":[96,104],"engage":[97],"chatbot\u2019s":[100,130],"responses,":[101,131],"describe":[105],"their":[106],"learning":[107,164],"experiences":[108],"chatbot.":[111],"By":[112],"analyzing":[113],"data":[114],"tasks,":[118],"we":[119,188],"identified":[120],"varying":[121],"help-seeking":[122],"behaviors":[123,173],"levels":[125],"engagement":[127,177],"depending":[132],"familiarity":[135],"suggested":[138],"strategies.":[139,166],"Interviews":[140],"revealed":[141],"that":[142],"appreciated":[144],"content":[146],"experiential":[148],"knowledge":[149],"provided":[150],"by":[151],"chatbot,":[153],"but":[154],"did":[155],"not":[156],"view":[157],"as":[159,174,180],"primary":[161],"source":[162],"Additionally,":[167],"self-identified":[169],"certain":[170],"usage":[172],"negative,":[175],"\u201cnon-ideal\u201d":[176],"others":[179],"positive,":[181],"\u201clearning-oriented\u201d":[182],"usage.":[183],"Based":[184],"our":[186],"findings,":[187],"discuss":[189],"pedagogical":[190,197],"implications":[191],"future":[193],"directions":[194],"designing":[196],"chatbots":[198],"debugging.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":17}],"updated_date":"2026-06-02T09:04:35.204637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}