{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4394586833","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3631882.3631886","title":"RAMPART: RowHammer Mitigation and Repair for Server Memory Systems","display_name":"RAMPART: RowHammer Mitigation and Repair for Server Memory Systems","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4394586833","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3631882.3631886"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3631882.3631886","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3631882.3631886","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3631882.3631886","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306524191","display_name":"Proceedings of the International Symposium on Memory Systems","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the International Symposium on Memory Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3631882.3631886","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039870131","display_name":"Steven C. Woo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8251-6583"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095722","display_name":"Rambus (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00pn5a327","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095722"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Steven C. Woo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rambus Inc., USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8251-6583","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rambus Inc., USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095722"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006097854","display_name":"Wendy Elsasser","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7324-0673"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095722","display_name":"Rambus (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00pn5a327","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095722"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wendy Elsasser","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rambus Inc., USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7324-0673","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rambus Inc., USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095722"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001389927","display_name":"Mike Hamburg","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095722","display_name":"Rambus (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00pn5a327","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095722"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mike Hamburg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rambus Inc., USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4768-0201","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rambus Inc., USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095722"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019465448","display_name":"Eric Linstadt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9297-2391"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095722","display_name":"Rambus (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00pn5a327","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095722"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric Linstadt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rambus Inc., USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9297-2391","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rambus Inc., USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095722"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019318565","display_name":"Michael R. Miller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2339-1285"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095722","display_name":"Rambus (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00pn5a327","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095722"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael R. Miller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rambus Inc., USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2339-1285","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rambus Inc., USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095722"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013580091","display_name":"Taeksang Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2958-6303"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095722","display_name":"Rambus (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00pn5a327","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095722"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Taeksang Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rambus Inc., USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2958-6303","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rambus Inc., USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095722"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087351357","display_name":"James Tringali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5094-7061"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095722","display_name":"Rambus (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00pn5a327","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095722"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James Tringali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rambus Inc., USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5094-7061","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rambus Inc., USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095722"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039870131"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095722"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1929,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83878748,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"15"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9884999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dram","display_name":"Dram","score":0.8262454271316528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.5813181400299072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-random-access-memory","display_name":"Static random-access memory","score":0.5701794028282166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.5582470297813416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4863884747028351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.45976701378822327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.44858503341674805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.41045069694519043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.4037429392337799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.34214383363723755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.23895889520645142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.16680589318275452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.07970303297042847}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7366592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1255620","display_name":"Dram","level":2,"score":0.8262454271316528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5813181400299072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68043766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267416","display_name":"Static random-access memory","level":2,"score":0.5701794028282166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.5582470297813416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4863884747028351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.45976701378822327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.44858503341674805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.41045069694519043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.4037429392337799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.34214383363723755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.23895889520645142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.16680589318275452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.07970303297042847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3631882.3631886","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3631882.3631886","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3631882.3631886","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306524191","display_name":"Proceedings of the International Symposium on Memory Systems","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the International Symposium on Memory Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3631882.3631886","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3631882.3631886","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3631882.3631886","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306524191","display_name":"Proceedings of the International Symposium on Memory Systems","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the International Symposium on Memory Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.7799999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4394586833.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4394586833.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1191365092","https://openalex.org/W1597555784","https://openalex.org/W1902515898","https://openalex.org/W1969423394","https://openalex.org/W2147657366","https://openalex.org/W2157116240","https://openalex.org/W2163563130","https://openalex.org/W2329308213","https://openalex.org/W2625267941","https://openalex.org/W2795148882","https://openalex.org/W2806638034","https://openalex.org/W2807401673","https://openalex.org/W2889929196","https://openalex.org/W2910622707","https://openalex.org/W2922066831","https://openalex.org/W2926775434","https://openalex.org/W2939057911","https://openalex.org/W2945145734","https://openalex.org/W2949951157","https://openalex.org/W2950041399","https://openalex.org/W2961531859","https://openalex.org/W2962726564","https://openalex.org/W2974891422","https://openalex.org/W3005716516","https://openalex.org/W3015685940","https://openalex.org/W3042829099","https://openalex.org/W3046609696","https://openalex.org/W3097932258","https://openalex.org/W3102933117","https://openalex.org/W3105648728","https://openalex.org/W3133752511","https://openalex.org/W3157763265","https://openalex.org/W3172496160","https://openalex.org/W3193730902","https://openalex.org/W3205305497","https://openalex.org/W3207641784","https://openalex.org/W4214481814","https://openalex.org/W4280584183","https://openalex.org/W4281916312","https://openalex.org/W4281924797","https://openalex.org/W4287849479","https://openalex.org/W4308083593","https://openalex.org/W4360831792","https://openalex.org/W4360831854","https://openalex.org/W4360831957"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3120961607","https://openalex.org/W2098207691","https://openalex.org/W3148568549","https://openalex.org/W1648516568","https://openalex.org/W361036515","https://openalex.org/W2269474412","https://openalex.org/W4386903460","https://openalex.org/W4211178602","https://openalex.org/W2433923775","https://openalex.org/W2537599394"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"RowHammer":[0,46,60,79,136,199],"attacks":[1,47,61,187,218],"are":[2,30,39,211],"a":[3,55,75,83,121,142,155],"growing":[4],"security":[5],"and":[6,11,25,35,62,101,106,116,147,171,184,195],"reliability":[7,67],"concern":[8],"for":[9,86],"DRAMs":[10],"computer":[12],"systems":[13],"as":[14,32,139,141],"they":[15],"can":[16,114],"induce":[17],"many":[18],"bit":[19,80,118,203],"errors":[20,210],"that":[21,77,163,173],"overwhelm":[22],"error":[23,104],"detection":[24,105],"correction":[26,107],"capabilities.":[27],"System-level":[28],"solutions":[29],"needed":[31],"process":[33],"technology":[34],"circuit":[36],"improvements":[37],"alone":[38],"unlikely":[40],"to":[41,58,82,128,181],"provide":[42],"complete":[43],"protection":[44],"against":[45],"in":[48,71,74,109],"the":[49,112,125,220],"future.":[50],"This":[51],"paper":[52],"introduces":[53],"RAMPART,":[54,193],"novel":[56],"approach":[57],"mitigating":[59],"improving":[63],"server":[64],"memory":[65,126,221],"system":[66,113,127,165,222],"by":[68,167,201],"remapping":[69],"addresses":[70],"each":[72],"DRAM":[73],"way":[76],"confines":[78],"flips":[81,119,204],"single":[84],"device":[85],"any":[87],"victim":[88],"row":[89],"address.":[90],"When":[91],"RAMPART":[92,131],"is":[93,132,223],"paired":[94],"with":[95,134,177],"Single":[96],"Device":[97],"Data":[98],"Correction":[99],"(SDDC)":[100],"patrol":[102],"scrub,":[103],"methods":[108,180],"use":[110],"today,":[111],"detect":[115],"correct":[117],"from":[120,205],"successful":[122,207,217],"attack,":[123],"allowing":[124],"heal":[129],"itself.":[130],"compatible":[133],"DDR5\u2019s":[135,158],"mitigation":[137,169,186],"features,":[138],"well":[140,176],"wide":[143],"variety":[144],"of":[145,157,192],"algorithmic":[146],"probabilistic":[148,178],"tracking":[149],"methods.":[150],"We":[151],"also":[152],"introduce":[153],"BRC-VL,":[154],"variation":[156],"Bounded":[159],"Refresh":[160],"Configuration":[161],"(BRC)":[162],"improves":[164],"performance":[166],"reducing":[168],"overhead":[170],"show":[172],"it":[174],"works":[175],"sampling":[179],"combat":[182],"traditional":[183],"victim-focused":[185],"like":[188],"Half-Double.":[189],"The":[190],"combination":[191],"SDDC,":[194],"scrubbing":[196],"enables":[197],"stronger":[198],"resistance":[200],"correcting":[202],"one":[206],"attack.":[208],"Uncorrectable":[209],"much":[212],"less":[213],"likely,":[214],"requiring":[215],"two":[216],"before":[219],"scrubbed.":[224]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}