{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388455116","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3631610","title":"HyBNN: Quantifying and Optimizing Hardware Efficiency of Binary Neural Networks","display_name":"HyBNN: Quantifying and Optimizing Hardware Efficiency of Binary Neural Networks","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388455116","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3631610"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3631610","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3631610","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112809824","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Reconfigurable Technology and Systems","issn_l":"1936-7406","issn":["1936-7406","1936-7414"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Reconfigurable Technology and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100611279","display_name":"Geng Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6921-1007"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Geng Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Lab of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","State Key Lab of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6921-1007","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Lab of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Lab of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007285444","display_name":"Jie Lei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0851-6565"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Lei","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Lab of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","State Key Lab of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0851-6565","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Lab of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Lab of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065889904","display_name":"Zhenman Fang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0603-9697"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I18014758","display_name":"Simon Fraser University","ror":"https://ror.org/0213rcc28","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenman Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0603-9697","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067798266","display_name":"Yunsong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0234-6270"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunsong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Lab of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","State Key Lab of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0234-6270","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Lab of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Lab of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090736129","display_name":"Jiaqing Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3111-1116"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiaqing Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Lab of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","State Key Lab of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3111-1116","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Lab of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Lab of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052163069","display_name":"Weiying Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8310-024X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weiying Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Lab of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","State Key Lab of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8310-024X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Lab of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Lab of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6737,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72034815,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"2","first_page":"1","last_page":"24"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7838789224624634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/floating-point","display_name":"Floating point","score":0.5770655274391174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantization","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","score":0.5707416534423828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.5544151067733765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.4841333329677582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.4706681966781616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hardware-acceleration","display_name":"Hardware acceleration","score":0.468507319688797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4639192819595337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.439360648393631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.43877744674682617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.424739807844162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-device","display_name":"Edge device","score":0.4167143702507019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.37756308913230896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3197726011276245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.2756604850292206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.13085004687309265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11664164066314697}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7838789224624634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84211073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117879","display_name":"Floating point","level":2,"score":0.5770655274391174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28855332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198099","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.5707416534423828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5544151067733765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.4841333329677582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.4706681966781616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13164978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q600158","display_name":"Hardware acceleration","level":3,"score":0.468507319688797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4639192819595337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.439360648393631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.43877744674682617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.424739807844162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138236772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098575","display_name":"Edge device","level":3,"score":0.4167143702507019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.37756308913230896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3197726011276245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.2756604850292206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.13085004687309265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11664164066314697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3631610","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3631610","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112809824","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Reconfigurable Technology and Systems","issn_l":"1936-7406","issn":["1936-7406","1936-7414"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Reconfigurable Technology and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3191554489","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020QNRC001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4583694037","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U22B2014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5402131352","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62371365","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5538951345","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62121001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5721138531","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62322117","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6186237998","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62071360, 62121001, 62322117, 62371365, U22B2014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6418578853","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"YJSJ23012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6494355517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020QNRC001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6931791183","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"YJSJ23012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323230","funder_display_name":"Xidian University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8508741111","display_name":"\u9762\u5411\u661f\u4e0a\u5b9e\u65f6\u5904\u7406\u7684\u9ad8\u5149\u8c31\u56fe\u50cf\u76ee\u6807\u68c0\u6d4b\u7b97\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"62071360","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8603200482","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020QNRC001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311778","funder_display_name":"China Association for Science and Technology"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311778","display_name":"China Association for Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/035vmht26"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323230","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2300242332","https://openalex.org/W2565125333","https://openalex.org/W2570343428","https://openalex.org/W2585560244","https://openalex.org/W2591922920","https://openalex.org/W2765235648","https://openalex.org/W2774244034","https://openalex.org/W2887447938","https://openalex.org/W2891946740","https://openalex.org/W2904282303","https://openalex.org/W2913954081","https://openalex.org/W2963427045","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2970691381","https://openalex.org/W2998419362","https://openalex.org/W3008515144","https://openalex.org/W3012561096","https://openalex.org/W3104151879","https://openalex.org/W3130641740","https://openalex.org/W3202230044","https://openalex.org/W4211085526","https://openalex.org/W4226419870","https://openalex.org/W4312739039"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386245174","https://openalex.org/W4200132709","https://openalex.org/W2586397364","https://openalex.org/W3204400881","https://openalex.org/W3214410901","https://openalex.org/W3204296682","https://openalex.org/W3183118997","https://openalex.org/W2917767146","https://openalex.org/W3176282186","https://openalex.org/W4319952061"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Binary":[0],"neural":[1],"network":[2,167],"(BNN),":[3],"where":[4,272],"both":[5],"the":[6,9,60,67,96,113,139,161,165,172,181,209,215,229,234,238,249,258,281,286,297,301,311,351,355],"weight":[7],"and":[8,48,58,84,109,153,191,222,289,322,340,363],"activation":[10],"values":[11],"are":[12],"represented":[13],"with":[14,88,180,233],"one":[15],"bit,":[16],"provides":[17],"an":[18,102],"attractive":[19],"alternative":[20],"to":[21,37,52,76,132,148,170,207,284,294],"deploy":[22],"highly":[23],"efficient":[24],"deep":[25],"learning":[26],"inference":[27],"on":[28,310,350,354],"resource-constrained":[29],"edge":[30],"devices.":[31],"However,":[32],"our":[33,192],"investigation":[34],"reveals":[35],"that,":[36],"achieve":[38],"satisfactory":[39],"accuracy":[40,90,210,298,319,366],"gains,":[41],"state-of-the-art":[42],"(SOTA)":[43],"BNNs,":[44],"such":[45,78,121],"as":[46,164,260],"FracBNN":[47],"ReActNet,":[49],"usually":[50],"have":[51,169],"incorporate":[53,290],"various":[54],"auxiliary":[55,97],"floating-point":[56,98],"components":[57,100],"increase":[59],"model":[61,216,287],"size,":[62],"which":[63,332],"in":[64,81,189,205,305],"turn":[65],"degrades":[66],"hardware":[68,79],"performance":[69],"efficiency.":[70],"In":[71],"this":[72,266],"article,":[73],"we":[74,93,123,268,273],"aim":[75],"quantify":[77],"inefficiency":[80],"SOTA":[82,157,368],"BNNs":[83,158],"further":[85],"mitigate":[86,120],"it":[87],"negligible":[89],"loss.":[91,299],"First,":[92],"observe":[94],"that":[95,227,248,261],"(AFP)":[99],"consume":[101],"average":[103],"of":[104,228,240,254,262,320,326],"93%":[105],"DSPs,":[106,150],"46%":[107],"LUTs,":[108,152],"62%":[110],"FFs,":[111],"among":[112],"entire":[114],"BNN":[115],"accelerator":[116],"resource":[117,146,252],"utilization.":[118],"To":[119,264],"overhead,":[122],"propose":[124,269],"a":[125,213,317,323],"novel":[126],"algorithm-hardware":[127],"co-design,":[128],"called":[129],"FuseBNN":[130,143],",":[131,271],"fuse":[133],"those":[134],"AFP":[135,145],"operators":[136],"without":[137],"hurting":[138],"accuracy.":[140],"On":[141],"average,":[142],"reduces":[144],"utilization":[147],"59%":[149],"13%":[151],"16%":[154],"FFs.":[155],"Second,":[156],"often":[159],"use":[160],"compact":[162],"MobileNetV1":[163],"backbone":[166],"but":[168],"replace":[171],"lightweight":[173],"3":[174,176,182,184,200,202],"\u00d7":[175,183,201],"depth-wise":[177,275],"convolution":[178,186,277],"(DWC)":[179],"standard":[185],"(SC,":[187],"e.g.,":[188],"ReActNet":[190],"ReActNet-adapted":[193],"BaseBNN)":[194],"or":[195],"even":[196],"more":[197],"complex":[198],"fractional":[199],"SC":[203],"(e.g.,":[204],"FracBNN)":[206],"bridge":[208],"gap.":[211],"As":[212],"result,":[214],"parameter":[217],"size":[218,288],"is":[219,243,256,333],"significantly":[220,245],"increased":[221,246],"becomes":[223],"2.25\u00d7":[224],"larger":[225],"than":[226,336,343],"4-bit":[230,291],"direct":[231],"quantization":[232],"original":[235],"DWC":[236],"(4-Bit-Net);":[237],"number":[239],"multiply-accumulate":[241],"operations":[242],"also":[244],"so":[247],"overall":[250],"LUT":[251],"usage":[253],"BaseBNN":[255],"almost":[257],"same":[259],"4-Bit-Net.":[263],"address":[265],"issue,":[267],"HyBNN":[270,315,359],"binarize":[274],"separation":[276],"(DSC)":[278],"blocks":[279,293],"for":[280,296],"first":[282],"time":[283],"decrease":[285],"DSC":[292],"compensate":[295],"For":[300,347],"ship":[302],"detection":[303,318,324],"task":[304],"synthetic":[306],"aperture":[307],"radar":[308],"imagery":[309],"AMD-Xilinx":[312,356],"ZCU102":[313],"FPGA,":[314,358],"achieves":[316,360],"94.8%":[321],"speed":[325],"615":[327],"frames":[328],"per":[329],"second":[330],"(FPS),":[331],"6.8\u00d7":[334],"faster":[335,342],"FuseBNN+":[337],"(94.9%":[338],"accuracy)":[339],"2.7\u00d7":[341],"4-Bit-Net":[344],"(95.9%":[345],"accuracy).":[346],"image":[348],"classification":[349],"CIFAR-10":[352],"dataset":[353],"Ultra96-V2":[357],"1.5\u00d7":[361],"speedup":[362],"0.7%":[364],"better":[365],"over":[367],"FracBNN.":[369]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
