{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390815433","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3631408","title":"Effects of Uncertain Trajectory Prediction Visualization in Highly Automated Vehicles on Trust, Situation Awareness, and Cognitive Load","display_name":"Effects of Uncertain Trajectory Prediction Visualization in Highly Automated Vehicles on Trust, Situation Awareness, and Cognitive Load","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390815433","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3631408"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3631408","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3631408","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3631408","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219751","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive Mobile Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","issn_l":"2474-9567","issn":["2474-9567"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3631408","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026729075","display_name":"Mark Colley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5207-5029"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196349391","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Ulm","ror":"https://ror.org/032000t02","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196349391"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mark Colley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Media Informatics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Media Informatics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196349391"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035697160","display_name":"Oliver Speidel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2170-0050"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196349391","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Ulm","ror":"https://ror.org/032000t02","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196349391"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oliver Speidel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Measurement, Control and Microtechnology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Measurement, Control and Microtechnology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196349391"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039148569","display_name":"Jan Strohbeck","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2210-1676"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196349391","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Ulm","ror":"https://ror.org/032000t02","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196349391"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan Strohbeck","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Measurement, Control and Microtechnology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Measurement, Control and Microtechnology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196349391"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111111068","display_name":"Jan Ole Rixen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196349391","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Ulm","ror":"https://ror.org/032000t02","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196349391"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan Ole Rixen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Media Informatics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Media Informatics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196349391"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111111069","display_name":"Jan Henry Belz","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196349391","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Ulm","ror":"https://ror.org/032000t02","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196349391"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan Henry Belz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Media Informatics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Media Informatics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196349391"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089009282","display_name":"Enrico Rukzio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4213-2226"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196349391","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Ulm","ror":"https://ror.org/032000t02","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196349391"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Enrico Rukzio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Media Informatics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Media Informatics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196349391"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026729075"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196349391"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.916,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95319721,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"4","first_page":"1","last_page":"23"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10370","display_name":"Traffic and Road Safety","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.7586679458618164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7168155908584595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trajectory","display_name":"Trajectory","score":0.6935805678367615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-load","display_name":"Cognitive load","score":0.590803861618042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transparency","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","score":0.541205883026123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.5083000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.4954589605331421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.4673749804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/situation-awareness","display_name":"Situation awareness","score":0.4629431962966919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.3430672287940979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.29315346479415894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.24975377321243286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1299152374267578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.08390277624130249}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.7586679458618164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7168155908584595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.6935805678367615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61641136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1107019","display_name":"Cognitive load","level":3,"score":0.590803861618042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780233690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535347","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","level":2,"score":0.541205883026123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.5083000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.4954589605331421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4673749804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145804949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q478123","display_name":"Situation awareness","level":2,"score":0.4629431962966919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3430672287940979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.29315346479415894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.24975377321243286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1299152374267578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.08390277624130249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3631408","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3631408","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3631408","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219751","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive Mobile Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","issn_l":"2474-9567","issn":["2474-9567"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3631408","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3631408","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3631408","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219751","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive Mobile Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","issn_l":"2474-9567","issn":["2474-9567"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323803","display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Wirtschaft und Energie","ror":"https://ror.org/02vgg2808"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390815433.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390815433.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":71,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W316935178","https://openalex.org/W353853559","https://openalex.org/W1579387951","https://openalex.org/W1909771825","https://openalex.org/W1921630466","https://openalex.org/W1973213502","https://openalex.org/W1990651983","https://openalex.org/W2024529169","https://openalex.org/W2036087188","https://openalex.org/W2045128528","https://openalex.org/W2049951042","https://openalex.org/W2128213565","https://openalex.org/W2143074722","https://openalex.org/W2148185569","https://openalex.org/W2161054318","https://openalex.org/W2407300725","https://openalex.org/W2567789525","https://openalex.org/W2571278732","https://openalex.org/W2571810020","https://openalex.org/W2591972220","https://openalex.org/W2758780811","https://openalex.org/W2767459507","https://openalex.org/W2775450822","https://openalex.org/W2793132020","https://openalex.org/W2795752238","https://openalex.org/W2800029302","https://openalex.org/W2889775133","https://openalex.org/W2890958932","https://openalex.org/W2896127244","https://openalex.org/W2937273808","https://openalex.org/W2942274168","https://openalex.org/W2944339144","https://openalex.org/W2946112597","https://openalex.org/W2947746809","https://openalex.org/W2953416276","https://openalex.org/W2955189650","https://openalex.org/W2963697717","https://openalex.org/W2973459083","https://openalex.org/W2973568968","https://openalex.org/W2973648487","https://openalex.org/W2983152572","https://openalex.org/W3012201348","https://openalex.org/W3012585012","https://openalex.org/W3013340098","https://openalex.org/W3031314726","https://openalex.org/W3084633508","https://openalex.org/W3084756947","https://openalex.org/W3085133347","https://openalex.org/W3086578040","https://openalex.org/W3089361099","https://openalex.org/W3090166818","https://openalex.org/W3090869730","https://openalex.org/W3117550730","https://openalex.org/W3120971221","https://openalex.org/W3129932917","https://openalex.org/W3162214210","https://openalex.org/W3162502263","https://openalex.org/W3163810540","https://openalex.org/W3175667661","https://openalex.org/W3199512286","https://openalex.org/W3199921802","https://openalex.org/W3202271187","https://openalex.org/W4200027765","https://openalex.org/W4224231876","https://openalex.org/W4225125705","https://openalex.org/W4240449573","https://openalex.org/W4248588746","https://openalex.org/W4284899358","https://openalex.org/W4296306293","https://openalex.org/W4296306300","https://openalex.org/W4296782671"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4382930947","https://openalex.org/W3152382318","https://openalex.org/W3004686567","https://openalex.org/W2738656338","https://openalex.org/W2555400967","https://openalex.org/W3214759741","https://openalex.org/W3081288631","https://openalex.org/W3174876210","https://openalex.org/W2388458847","https://openalex.org/W2086121498"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Automated":[0],"vehicles":[1],"are":[2],"expected":[3],"to":[4],"improve":[5,62],"safety,":[6],"mobility,":[7],"and":[8,50,82,90,99,104,130],"inclusion.":[9],"User":[10],"acceptance":[11,25],"is":[12,26],"required":[13],"for":[14,24],"the":[15,29,44,47,71,125,132],"successful":[16],"introduction":[17],"of":[18,46,66,73,134],"this":[19,40],"technology.":[20],"One":[21],"essential":[22],"prerequisite":[23],"appropriately":[27],"trusting":[28],"vehicle's":[30,48],"capabilities.":[31],"System":[32],"transparency":[33],"via":[34],"visualizing":[35,80],"internal":[36],"information":[37],"could":[38,61],"calibrate":[39],"trust":[41],"by":[42],"enabling":[43],"surveillance":[45],"detection":[49],"prediction":[51,81,103],"capabilities,":[52],"including":[53],"its":[54],"failures.":[55],"Additionally,":[56],"concurrently":[57],"increased":[58,128],"situation":[59,91],"awareness":[60,92],"take-overs":[63],"in":[64],"case":[65],"emergency.":[67],"This":[68],"work":[69],"reports":[70],"results":[72],"two":[74],"online":[75],"comparative":[76],"video-based":[77],"studies":[78],"on":[79,86,107],"maneuver-planning":[83],"information.":[84],"Effects":[85],"trust,":[87,129],"cognitive":[88],"load,":[89],"were":[93],"measured":[94],"using":[95,112],"a":[96,108,113],"simulation":[97],"(N=280)":[98],"state-of-the-art":[100],"road":[101],"user":[102],"maneuver":[105],"planning":[106],"pre-recorded":[109],"real-world":[110],"video":[111],"real":[114],"prototype":[115],"(N=238).":[116],"Results":[117],"show":[118],"that":[119,124,131],"color":[120],"conveys":[121],"uncertainty":[122],"best,":[123],"planned":[126],"trajectory":[127],"visualization":[133],"other":[135],"predicted":[136],"trajectories":[137],"improved":[138],"perceived":[139],"safety.":[140]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-14T08:04:32.555800","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}